Self and Life after death

Question 1

who had a materialist monist view

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

what was Aristotles view

Answer 2

all human life had a soul
soul principle of life- essence form of the body, couldn’t function without body
human soul alone - capable of rational thought to develop moral and intellectual capacity
1 part of soul immortal

Question 3

Analysis of Aristotles view - 2

Answer 3

1 church - death of body doesn’t mean death of soul
does place emphasis on body - physical ressurection 1 corth 15
2 appeals to scientists who don’t see need for spirit

Question 4

strength of Aristotles view

Answer 4

based on what you can see so people can believe

Question 5

dual aspect monism

Answer 5

1.claims human is one entity which is unknown
2. mind and matter two aspects of one
3. soft materialism - humans are 1 entity - body and soul/ mind the two are inextricably linked
4. brain is physical consists of subjective consciousness. relates quail something can’t be reduced to chemical processes in the brain
5. physical and immaterial as important inter related aspects of the identity of the human being

Question 6

analysis on dual aspect monism

Answer 6

1 seen to solve problems of dualism and hard materialism allows for survival of self in some way
2. process theology - objective immortality everyone experiences be remembered forever in mind of God - rules out personal survival of death
3. other christians see resurrected body and soul

Question 7

physicalism mean

Answer 7

everything can be explained in terms if matter
mind is one
no such thing as soul
reductionist view - everything can be reduced down to physical cause

Question 8

functionalism

Answer 8

type of physicalism
the mind is the function of the brain that processes information from sense experience generates an appropriate response may be possible in feature to access someone mind and upload it onto computer

Question 9

who had a hard materialist and functionalist view

Answer 9

Dawkins

Question 10

what was Dawkins view - 6

Answer 10

1 rejects concept of immortal soul
2 humans are survival machines a triumph of evolution life summed up in bytes of digital information
3 Body carrier of DNA purpose and ensure survival of itself selfish gene
4 humans exist for gene preservation
only way we survive death is in DNA we pass on
5 allows soul to refer to higher intellectual power can’t be separated from brain
6 insists there is no meaning to life other than preservation of genes

Question 11

what is Dawkins conclusion

Answer 11

evolution won’t develop like it has
evolution of consciousness been removed needs for gene replications a meme

Question 12

what is a meme

Answer 12

unit of cultural ideas, symbols or practises can be transmitted from one mind to other some would say it is similar to concept of soul

Question 13

analysis of Dawkins

Answer 13

1. highly derminist
2. consicenosness differenti to brain
3. makes sweeping statements not objectively true argument about memes unscientific

Question 14

who accused descarte of making a critical error
what was the analogy

Answer 14

Gilbert Ryle
analogy of been shown round Cambridge uni
argued d had confused functioning of a physical Brian and body with ghost in machine
a machine does not work because of a ghost within it. neither does body live because it has a mind

Question 15

who challenged Descartes argument

Answer 15

Hume

Question 16

what did Hume say

Answer 16

since the soul is not located space how do we know there is one
idea of self as an illusion there is thinking but no I that thinks

Question 17

body soul relationship according to Descartes interactionsm - 2

Answer 17

1locates soul in pineal glans
location of imagination and common sense - a link body and mind
part of brain unknown
2. body and mind are interact cause events happe in each other

Question 18

analysis of body soul relationship according to Descartes interactionsm -2

Answer 18

1. location has been discredited pineal glands - hormonal function
   2, still doesn’t help with how it occurs

Question 19

who was as substance dualist

Answer 19

descarte

Question 20

what does Descarte say
what was his 3 arguments

Answer 20

body and soul are distinct substances with different properties
arguments from doubts
argument from divisibility and non divisibility
arguments from clear and distinct perception

Question 21

arguments from doubts

Answer 21

could doubt existence of his body he could not doubt his existence as a thinking being. I think therefore I am. His thinking being different to his body

Question 22

arguments from divisibility and non divisibility

Answer 22

all bodies take space so divisible. mental states don’t so non divisible

Question 23

arguments from clear and distinct perception

Answer 23

think a thinking being his body non thinking being could exist he was distinct from his body - body decays - mind imortal

Question 24

analysis of arguments from doubts

Answer 24

most view conscience as a product of brain science links together

Question 25

who was a dualist

Answer 25

plato

Question 26

body soul relationship - plato

Answer 26

body can change - distracts the soul from spiritual truth soul spearate from body - come from world of forms soul gives life to body - spectre

Question 27

body soul relationship - plato analysis 2

Answer 27

1 modern scientists mind and body are interrelated near death experience - survival of consciousness 2 most people think whole body integrated some relate idea of body not being what they are

Question 28

dualist meaning

Answer 28

body and soul are separate

Question 29

plato what was analogy

Answer 29

thinks body is gross and soul is pure analogy of charioteer 1 rational part - charioteer - immortal 2. spirited part - white horse - emotions 3. appetitive part - black horse - dies with body

Question 30

analysis of plato - 3

Answer 30

1 some overlap christian thought 2 Catholic Church - separation of soul and body - another world after death 3 some christians have been influenced in early church

Question 31

what are the 3 different types of personal identity

Answer 31

1. personal identity as physical - physicalist brain essential being a person. bodies change 2. personal identity is metaphysical - dualist, unchanged conscious awareness of person 3. personal identity is metaphysical - dualist, unchanged conscious awareness of person

Question 32

what is John Hick

Answer 32

soft materialist

Question 33

what is hicks theory

Answer 33

1. rejects religion without afterlife 2. exact replica can link to 1 Corth 15- spiritual bodies, spiritual world, same pant but different analogy of John smith

Question 34

what are the 3 scenarios allowing continuity of identity, initial person and replica in Hicks theory

Answer 34

1. living person transported from 1 place to other 2. Dead person 1 place appearance replica in other 3. dead person on earth resurrected person in another sphere

Question 35

what is a strength of Hicks theory - 3

Answer 35

supported by st Paul resurrected theory comforting allows for life after death avoids problem of Dualism

Question 36

what is a weakness of Hicks theory - 2

Answer 36

no evidence - thought experiment god could create more then one replica

Question 37

what was plato's argument for immorality of the soul

Answer 37

argument for soul - from knowledge soul pre existent with forms have memories of absolutes. argument for life after death - argument from opposites - plato thought that everything comes into existence from its opposite our world full of opportunities since there is living must be death

Question 38

what is the analogy of Big Ben striking the hour

Answer 38

when strikes 1 and 2 separate events in space time observers knows it second - conscience for both same self for both - memory dependant on I being self aware campbell - mere thinking never relate the connection between two strikes. requires a conscious self aware mind a substantial self

Question 39

what are the accounts for life after death - 5

Answer 39

an out of body experience tunnel of light heavenly experience - meeting loved ones feelings of peace and love new set of values/ outlook

Question 40

who is a possible of psychological continuity after death

Answer 40

parfits bundle theory

Question 41

what is parfits bundle theory

Answer 41

no such thing as a person in existence in the world person a bundle or collection of mental events continuity after death is physchological connectedness influence someone in life can continue after death as long as person remembers person not an individual ever changing state of being

Question 42

what is a functionalists view of psychological continuity after death

Answer 42

metaphor of computer works as input, processing and output of information speak of mental processes being the brain processing inputted sense experiences leading to behaviour as outputting of that process

Question 43

what is a problem with parfits theory?

Answer 43

that thoughts and ideas can exist without a thinker doesn't explain consciousness