Self-Actualization & Learning

Question 1

The Humanistic Approach

Answer 1

An area of psychology that works off of the belief that all people have the potential for growth and development. No one is inherently evil or unworthy
Goal - for people to realize this themselves, allowing them to grow

Question 2

Phenomenological

Answer 2

the importance of our personal experiences is emphasized

Question 3

Self-actualization

Answer 3

Positive growth and enhancement of the self, leading to an enriched life and enhanced creativity
Reaching our full potential

Promotes congruence, wholeness

Question 4

Actualization

Answer 4

Our tendency to find ways to enhance or maintain our person

Question 5

Organismic Valuing Process

Answer 5

Describes Rogers’ idea that we inherently try to achieve self-actualization.
We evaluate whether experiences lead us towards self-actualization and feel off if they don’t

Question 6

Fully functioning person

Answer 6

A way of being which leads to a meaningful, full life
oppenness

Question 7

Positive regard

Answer 7

The acceptance, love and friendship of others
Can be conditional or unconditional

Question 8

Conditions of worth

Answer 8

The things we need to fulfill to get conditional positive regard. Can we put upon us by others or by ourselves

Question 9

Conditional self-regard

Answer 9

Conditions of worth we apply to ourselves

Question 10

Conditions of worth and self-actualization

Answer 10

Conditions of worth interfere with self-actualization as we prioritize them

Question 11

Free will

Answer 11

Rogers argues that we have free will and can choose to focus on self-actualization or conditions or worth
- There is a lot of disagreement about whether we really have free will or whether it just appears that way

Question 12

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 12

Self-actualization
Esteem (self-esteem and approval)
Love & belongingness (social needs)
Safety & physical security
Physiological

We work up through the pyramid

Question 13

Roger vs Maslow

Answer 13

• Maslow put focus on biological needs as well which Rogers did not
• Both agreed that the need for the acceptance of others could interfere with self-actualization but
  
  • However, Rogers saw complying to conditions as worth as negative, whereas Maslow saw needing the appreciation of others as part of being human

Question 14

Parts of the self

Answer 14

I
Me

Question 15

The I

Answer 15

Takes action and makes decisions

Question 16

The me

Answer 16

What is seen, thought about, liked and disliked

Question 17

Ideal self

Answer 17

What we want to be
Self-concept we want to possess

Question 18

Actual self

Answer 18

Current state of self

Question 19

Congruence

Answer 19

Gap between ideal and actual self closes
Occurs when self-actualization is achieved

Question 20

Incongruence

Answer 20

Gap between ideal and actual self

Question 21

Detachment

Answer 21

Not behaving according to our personal views, causing anxiety

Question 22

Defense mechanisms - Denial

Answer 22

Denying the existence of an experience
Comparison to Freud - humanistic approach is kinder to us

Question 23

Defense mechanisms - Distortion

Answer 23

distorting the situation so that it doesn’t affect your sense of self

Question 24

Defense mechanisms - Subception/Subliminal Perception

Answer 24

We prevent a negative stimulus from reaching our consciousness

Question 25

Client Centered Therapy

Answer 25

Goal is for the client to realize their own worth and teach them to understand their own feelings

Question 26

Conditions of Client Centered Therapy

Answer 26

1. Genuine acceptance of client 2. Unconditional positive regard of client 3. Empathetic understanding of client

Question 27

Two Methods of Client Centered Therapy

Answer 27

1. Restating the experience - feelings about experience 2. Restatement of content - summarizing events to help client see from a new perspective

Question 28

Strengths of Humanistic Approach

Answer 28

- Emphasizes unique and personal experiences - Positive outlook - Client centered therapy

Question 29

Weaknesses of Humanistic Approach

Answer 29

- Too individual - no norm/standard - Free will issues - Too positive