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1.1.2 Differences Between People > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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People You Should Know flashcards
1
Q

Trait theories

A

An approach to personality assuming we can be described through a series of traits

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2
Q

Dimensional approach

A

rather than being categorized, trait theories operate on a scale and where we fall on that scale e.g. extroversion to introversion

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3
Q

Hippocrates

A

Yellow bile - choleric
Black bile - melancholic
Blood - sanguine
Phlegm - phlegmatic

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4
Q

Allport - Traits

A

Stable elements of personality that can be used to characterize someone and make predictions about their behaviour.

Continuous - on a scale
Distinctiveness - each person has specific traits that make them unique

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5
Q

Allport - States

A

A temporary way of being, including behaviour, thoughts and feelings

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6
Q

Nomothetic View

A

We all have the same qualities but to varying degrees. We all exist on the same scale
Individualism is not taken into account - our combination is unique

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7
Q

Idiographic View

A

Our uniqueness is emphasized. Our traits are completely individual to us
Even if we do have the same trait as someone else, its significance, meaning and expression will not be the same

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8
Q

Lexicon Criterion of Importance

A

A personality trait that can be described by more words (in more detail?) has more importance

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9
Q

3 Approaches

A

The lexicon criterion of importance
Statistical approach
Theoretical approach

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10
Q

Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor Inventory

A

Traits should be empirically defined
Nomothetic approach
Statistical approach

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11
Q

Cattell - 4 Types of Traits

A

Common traits
Unique traits
Surface traits
Source traits

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12
Q

Common traits

A

Held by many to varying degrees e.g. friendliness

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13
Q

Unique traits

A

Only certain people have them e.g. creativity

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14
Q

Surface traits

A

Clusters of certain traits that compliment each other e.g. outgoing, friendly

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15
Q

Source traits

A

Underlying variables that determine surface traits e.g. extraversion/introversion

Divided into environmental mould traits (external influence) & constitutional traits (genetic)

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16
Q

16 traits are put into 3 categories

A

Ability traits
Temperament traits
Dynamic traits

17
Q

Ability traits

A

Allowing someone to function effectively

18
Q

Temperament traits

A

Emotional behaviour

19
Q

Dynamic traits

A

Motivational traits
Factors that influence how people achieve goals and deal with challenges

20
Q

Cattell Criticism

A

No one (including Cattell) has been able to replicate these findings

21
Q

Allport - Division of Traits

A
  1. Cardinal traits
  2. Central traits
  3. Secondary dispositions
22
Q

Cardinal traits

A

Most essential, influence most of our behaviour
Someone’s definitive traits, not everyone has them

23
Q

Central traits

A

General dispositions, influences some behaviour e.g. kindness

24
Q

Secondary dispositions

A

Specific attitudes
Dependent on situation

25
Q

Functional autonomy

A

Our behaviour is not always determined by our needs, sometimes we just act how we want to
Tension reducing - the adult evolves from childhood motives

26
Q

Eysenck’s Hierarchical Model of Personality

A

Created a model with the three personality traits he believed were the most heritable and had a psychophysiological basis

Nomothetic approach
Biological, statistical approach

27
Q

Eysenck - Super-traits

A
  1. Extraversion-Introversion
  2. Neuroticism-Emotional Stability
  3. Psychoticism
    PEN
28
Q

Eysenck - Hierarchy

A

Super-traits
Narrow traits - specific traits encompassed by super-traits
Habitual acts
Specific acts

29
Q

Eysenck Criticism

A

Subjective testing
Psychoticism criticism
Too specific

30
Q

The Big 5

A

A list of what psychologists view as the 5 essential personality traits/dimensions of personality
Nomothetic approach
Lexical

31
Q

Big 5 List

A

Extraversion
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Oppenness to experience

32
Q

Most stable of the big 5

A

Extraversion and conscientiousness

33
Q

Big 5 Criticism

A

Can predict individual differences but limited in other domains e.g. cannot be used to explain disorders
No applicable therapy methods have been generated from this

34
Q

The Hexaco Model

A
35
Q

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

A

1.1.2 Differences Between People (7 decks)

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