Selection and polymorphism

Question 1

What does small effective population size mean

Answer 1

Drift is strong

Question 2

What are the effects of bottlenecks on NE

Answer 2

Loss of variability due to genetic drift being more rapid
Smaller Ne

Question 3

What do deleterious mutations tend to do

Answer 3

-Decrease in frequency in the population overtime
-Segregate at lower frequencies than neutral variants
-Less likely to get fixed than neutral variants
-Could linger for longer

Question 4

What do beneficial variants tend to do

Answer 4

-Increase in frequency in the population
- Segregate at higher frequencies than neutral alleles
- More likely to get fixed than neutral variants

Question 5

What are synonymous mutations

Answer 5

Probably neutral

Question 6

Whare are non-synonymous mutations

Answer 6

More likely to influence fitness

Question 7

Whats the prediction for mutations at non-synonymous polymorphisms

Answer 7

More likley to be lower at synonymous or neutral sites

Question 8

What does small Ne lead to

Answer 8

Much weakened selection, leading to deleterious mutations drifting to higher frequencies