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Clin Med III Disease Key Notes > Seizures (Exam #4) > Flashcards

Seizures (Exam #4) Flashcards

1
Q

What condition involves recurrent seizures due to a chronic, underlying process ?

A

Epilepsy

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2
Q

What are three possible etiologies (electrolyte abnormalities) of seizure?

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypocalcemia
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3
Q

What are the two types of Partial (Focal) Seizures, and how can you differentiate the two?

A
  • Simple Partial = NO ALOC

- Complex Partial = ALOC (impaired consciousness)

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4
Q

With a Partial Seizure, what sxs will present if the Motor cortex is the affected area?

A

Clonic movements (start in hand/foot → progress to entire limb)

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5
Q

With a Partial Seizure, what sxs will present if the Sensory cortex is the affected area (2)?

A
  • Paresthesias

- Face or limb numbness

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6
Q

With a Partial Seizure, what sxs will present if the Temporal lobe is the affected area?

A

Deja vu

- Possible epigastric discomfort

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7
Q

With a Partial Seizure, what sxs will present if the Occipital lobe is the affected area?

A

VISION

  • Flashing lights
  • Visual changes
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8
Q

With what type of Partial Seizure can they interact with others, recall events?

A

Simple Partial Seizure

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9
Q

What is the MOST common type of seizure in adults with epilepsy?

A

Complex Partial Seizure

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10
Q

What type of seizure presents with a combination of focal motor AND focal sensory with ALOC?

A

Complex Partial Seizure

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11
Q

What are two other names for an Absence Seizure?

A
  • “Generalized Non-Motor Seizure”

- Petite Mal

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12
Q

What is another name for a Tonic-Clonic Seizure?

A

Grand Mal

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13
Q

What type of seizure is confused with daydreaming; begins in childhood?

A

Absence Seizure

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14
Q

What type of seizure involves sudden/brief LOC, NO postural control loss; lasts a few seconds?

A

Absence Seizure

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15
Q

What is seen on EEG with an Absence Seizure?

A

Generalized spike and wave pattern

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16
Q

What type of seizure involves sudden LOC with fall to ground/no warning?

A

Tonic-Clonic Seizure

17
Q

What are the three phases of a Tonic-Clonic Seizure, and what is seen with each?

A
  1. Tonic phase = tonic contractions
  2. Clonic phase = muscles relax/contract, jerky movements
  3. Postictal phase = confused, sleepy
18
Q

What type of seizure involves sudden/brief generalized muscular contraction of limbs and trunk?

A

Myoclonic Seizure

19
Q

What type of seizure involves sudden loss of postural tone lasting 1-2 seconds; LOC?

A

Atonic Seizure

20
Q

What is the most common type of seizure due to metabolic pattern?

A

Tonic-Clonic Seizure

21
Q

What type of seizure is a/w significant brain disease?

A

Tonic Seizure

22
Q

What is a Tonic Seizure often associated with?

A

Significant brain disease

23
Q

What type of seizure involves sudden/very brief stiffening of body with loss of balance +/- LOC?

A

Tonic Seizure

24
Q

What is the dx test of choice for seizures?

A

EEG

25
Q

What is the recommended acute tx for seizures (4)?

A
  • Protect patient/head from injury
  • Nothing in mouth
  • Roll patient on side as seizure subsides
  • TIME the seizure
26
Q

Which medication can be used to tx ANY type of seizure?

A

Valproic Acid

27
Q

What three drugs can be used to tx a Partial/Focal Seizure?

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Phenytoin
  • Valproic Acid
28
Q

What three drugs can be used to tx a Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure?

A
  • Valproic Acid
  • Carbamazepine
  • Phenytoin
29
Q

What two drugs can be used to tx a Generalized Absence Seizure, and which is preferred?

A
  • Ethosuximide = preferred

- Valproic Acid

30
Q

What drug can be used to a Generalized Myoclonic Seizure?

A

Valproic Acid

31
Q

What drug can be used to tx a Generalized Atonic Seizure?

A

Valproic Acid

32
Q

What are the two possible definitions of Status Epilepticus?

A
  • Continuous seizures
    OR
  • Recurrent seizure without regaining consciousness
33
Q

What are the two classes of drugs that can be used to tx Status Epilepticus, and what is an example of each?

A

Benzos

  • IV Lorazepam
  • IV Diazepam

Anticonvulsants
- IV Phenytoin (Dilantin)

34
Q

If Status Epilepticus continues after initial tx, what mediation can be considered?

A

IV Phenobarbital

Clin Med III Disease Key Notes (18 decks)

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