Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med III Disease Key Notes > MG/MS (Exam #3) > Flashcards

MG/MS (Exam #3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common disorder of NM transmission?

A

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the bimodal distribution of Myasthenia Gravis (MG) (gender and age)?

A
  • Females 20-30 years

- Males 60-80 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What condition involves autoimmune attack on ACh receptors at NM junction → decreased ACh transmission?

A

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis (MG) often triggered by?

A

STRESS (illness, surgery, emotional stress, pregnancy/childbirth, meds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What three meds/classes of meds should be avoided with Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • BBs
  • Hydroxychloroquine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What two sxs are seen with Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

A
  • Muscle fatigability
  • Fluctuating weakness

Both worse at end of day/after exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What condition involves muscle fatigability and fluctuating weakness worse at end of day/after exercise?

A

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What ocular finding is often seen with Myasthenia Gravis (MG)? What other sxs may be seen?

A

Ptosis

- Also, diplopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What sxs of Myasthenia Gravis (MG) may be seen involving the face?

A

“Myasthenic sneer”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What sxs of Myasthenia Gravis (MG) may be seen involving the neck? Limbs?

A

Weakness in neck = “dropped head syndrome”

Weakness in limbs (arms > legs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What condition involves “dropped head syndrome”?

A

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What sxs of Myasthenia Gravis (MG) may be seen involving respiratory?

A

“Myasthenic crisis”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two tests will be + with Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

A
  • +AChR Ab

- +MuSK Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What diagnostic test can be used to evaluate for Myasthenia Gravis (MG), and what will be seen?

A

EMG/NCS shows decreased response/fatigability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What condition involves the Ice Pack Test, and what does a positive test look like?

A 
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
- Difficulty maintaining upward gaze with ptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What condition involves the “Tensilon” Test, and what does a positive test look like?

A 
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
- Administer AChE-I with immediate sxs improvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the first line tx for Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

A

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

- AChE-Is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What organ may be affected with Myasthenia Gravis (MG), and what is seen on CT/MRI?

A

Thymus

- Thymic hyperplasia or thymoma

19
Q

What are the two recommended rapid/short-acting immunotherapy txs for Myasthenia Gravis (MG)? What are the two chronic immunotherapy tx?

A

Acute/Short-Acting:

  • Plasma exchange/plasmapheresis
  • IVIG

Chronic:

  • Steroids
  • Azathioprine
20
Q

What is the leading cause of permanent disability in young adults?

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

21
Q

What age group is Multiple Sclerosis (MS) often seen?

A

15-45 years

- F > M

22
Q

What condition involves immune-mediated attack on axons/myelin sheaths → demyelination?

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

23
Q

What condition involves plaques seen on imaging?

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

24
Q

What are the four types of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

Which is most common? Which is most aggressive?

A
  • Relapsing-Remitting Disease (RRMS) = MOST common
  • Secondary Progressive (SPMS)
  • Primary Progressive (PPMS) = MOST aggressive
  • Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
25
Q

What type of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves clearly defined relapses with full recovery or only mild defect?

A

Relapsing-Remitting Disease (RRMS)

26
Q

What type of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves initially RRMS with gradual worsening?

A

Secondary Progressive (SPMS)

27
Q

What type of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves progressive sxs increase from disease onset with NO remission?

A

Primary Progressive (PPMS)

28
Q

What condition involves separation of TIME and SPACE, and what does this mean?

A 
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Episodes occur months/years apart + affect different anatomic locations
29
Q

What is the characteristic timeline seen with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

A

Separation of TIME and SPACE

- Episodes occur months/years apart + affect different anatomic locations

30
Q

What is often the first sxs seen with Relapsing-Remitting Disease (RRMS)?

A

Paresthesias

31
Q

What three sxs are often see with Relapsing-Remitting Disease (RRMS)?

A
  • Paresthesias
  • Optic neuritis (eye pain leading to vision loss)
  • Weakness
32
Q

What are two pathognomonic signs of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)? Describe each.

A
  • Lhermitte sign: neck flexion causes electrical shock down back/limbs
  • Marcus Gunn Pupil = BOTH pupils dilate with bright light on affected pupil
33
Q

What condition involves Marcus Gunn Pupil, and what is this?

A 
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- BOTH pupils dilate with bright light on affected pupil
34
Q

What condition involves Lhermitte sign, and what is this?

A 
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Neck flexion causes electrical shock down back/limbs
35
Q

What are the two ways by which Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can be diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical alone

- Clinical + MRI

36
Q

What is the recommended dx test for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and what is shown?

A

MRI with AND without contrast

- Shows plaques disseminated in TIME and SPACE

37
Q

What is McDonald Criteria (2), and what condition is it associated with?

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Damage in more than one place in CNS
AND
- Damage occurred more than once

38
Q

What is seen with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on CSF analysis?

A

Oligoclonal bands

39
Q

What condition involves oligoclonal bands with a normal total WBC count?

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

40
Q

What is the recommended tx for ALL Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients?

A

Followed by Neurology

41
Q

What is the general first line tx for Relapsing-Remitting Disease (RRMS), and what are the two main goals of this therapy?

A

Disease-modifying therapy

  • Decrease relapse rate
  • Lower long-term risk of disease progression
42
Q

What is the first line tx for ACUTE Relapsing-Remitting Disease (RRMS)?

A

STEROIDS

43
Q

Besides steroids for tx of ACUTE Relapsing-Remitting Disease (RRMS), what two other tx options can be considered?

A
  • ACTH

- Plasma exchange/plasmapheresis

44
Q

What three drugs/classes of drugs are used to manage other sxs associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

A
  • SSRIs for depression
  • Muscle relaxants for muscle spasticity
  • Oxybutynin for bladder dysfunction/neurogenic bladder

Clin Med III Disease Key Notes (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions