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NRS G240 Exam #3 > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

What are seizures caused by?

A

Caused by an electrical disturbance in the nerve cells of the brain

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2
Q

What is a focal seizure?

A

originates in one hemisphere

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3
Q

Where do generalized seizures occur?

A

both hemispheres of the brain

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4
Q

What are provoked seizures related to?

A

an acute, reversible condition

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5
Q

Examples of conditions that cause provoked seizures (3)

A
  • infection
  • immune response
  • metabolic condition
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6
Q

Examples of diseases that cause seizures (10)

A 
	Cerebrovascular disease (stroke, brain hemorrhage)
	Hypoxemia
	Fever (childhood)
	Head injury
	Hypertension
	Central nervous system infections
	Metabolic and toxic conditions
	Brain tumor
	Drug and alcohol withdrawal
	Allergies
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7
Q

Definition of epilepsy

A

at least 2 unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart

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8
Q

cause of primary epilepsy

A

idiopathic

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9
Q

cause of secondary epilepsy (8)

A
  • stroke
  • brain tumor
  • head injury
  • meningitis
  • infectious disease
  • toxicity
  • fever
  • drugs / alcohol
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10
Q

Clinical manifestations of epilepsy (9)

A
  • staring episode
  • convulsions
  • loss of consciousness
  • epileptic cry
  • twitching
  • unintelligible speech
  • tonic-clonic contractions (alternating relaxation and contraction states)
  • incontinence
  • patient may experience unusual sights, sounds, odors, or taste
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11
Q

What is the postictal phase?

A

period immediately following a seizure

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12
Q

How may the patient be during the postictal phase? (2)

A
  • confused

- sleepy and hard to arouse

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13
Q

What may be the patient complain of in the postictal phase? (4)

A
  • HA
  • fatigue
  • muscle soreness
  • depression
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14
Q

assess and determine what in relation to seizures (2)

A
  • determine seizure type, severity and frequency

- assess pt’s hx to determine cause of seizure

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15
Q

Seizure diagnostic tests (3)

A

MRI –> may show any abnormalities
CBC/chemistry panels –> hyponatremia, Bleeding (H/H, platelets)
EEG

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16
Q

Tegretol side effects (4)

A

dizziness, N/V, severe skin rash, hepatitis

17
Q

Keppra side effects (3)

A

somnolence, dizziness, fatigue

18
Q

Dilantin side effects (4)

A

visual problems, gum hyperplasia, dysrhythmias, severe skin reactions

19
Q

Complications of Vagal Nerve Stimulator (4)

A
  • Infection
  • cardiac dysrhythmias
  • hoarseness
  • cough
20
Q

Seizure precautions (7)

A
  • oxygen and suction available
  • privacy provided as soon as possible
  • side rails up and padded
  • bed in lowest position
  • pillow under head
  • patient in side-lying position
  • loosened clothing
21
Q

What is the major responsibility of the nurse in regards to seizures?

A

Observe and record the sequence and signs of the seizure

22
Q

Seizure management before it happens (2)

A
  • assess for presence of stimuli (sensory, emotional, sleep deprivation)
  • occurrence of an aura
23
Q

Nursing management during a seizure —> 5

A
  • look for the first thing the patient does during a seizure
  • ease patient to floor (if not lying down)
  • observe where initial movement or stiffness of body begins
  • observe and record events of seizure/characteristics
  • provide a safe environment
24
Q

Nursing management after seizure —> 5

A
  • Assess pt’s ability to speak
  • assess patient’s cognitive status
  • Did pt lose consciousness?
  • side-lying position (facilitates drainage of oral secretions)
  • assess if pt remembers the seizure
25
Q

Nursing interventions for seizure (8)

A
  • nurse observes and records s/s of pt’s seizure
  • maintain patent airway, suction if necessary
  • provide safe environment for patient to prevent injury
  • monitor vital signs
  • provide O2
  • reorient after seizure
  • educate on importance of maintaining anticonvulsant therapy
  • do not restrain patient or insert anything in the mouth
26
Q

Potential complications of seizure disorders —> 2

A
  • status epilepticus

- medication toxicity

27
Q

What can cause status epilepticus?

A
  • interruption of anticonvulsant medication
  • fever
  • infection
28
Q

Nursing interventions for status epilepticus (5)

A
  • administer IV anticonvulsants
  • maintain airway
  • prevent injury to patient
  • place in side lying position
  • suction as needed
29
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

-a series of generalized seizures that occur without full recovery of consciousness between attacks or continuous clinical or electrical seizures (on EEG) lasting at least 30 min

NRS G240 Exam #3 (11 decks)

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