Clinical Manifestations and Nursing Interventions for All Topics Flashcards
Risk factors for ADD (6)
- head trauma
- lead exposure
- cig smoke exposure
- prematurity
- low birthweight
- family hx
Management for ADD (8)
- set clear limits for behavior
- give positive reinforcement for desired behavior
- give time out for undesired behavior
- provide feedback on behavior ASAP
- consistency from caregivers
- keep instructions simple
- ask child to repeat instructions
- set realistic goals
Risk factors for leukemia (6)
- male
- 2-5 years old
- caucasian
- Down syndrome, shwachman syndrome, or ataxia-telangiectasia
- xray exposure in uterus
- previous radiation-treated cancer
clinical manifestations leukemia (14)
- pallor
- fever
- recurrent infection
- lethargy, fatigue
- anorexia
- weight loss
- abdominal pain
- N/V
- bone and joint pain
- HA
- enlarged lymph nodes
- hepatomegaly/splenomegaly
- unusual bleeding or bruising
- hemorrhage
Lab tests for leukemia
- CBC –> everything low except WBC (may be high, low or normal)
- blood smear –> reveals blasts
- bone marrow analysis –> greater than 25% lymphoblasts
- lumbar puncture –> shows CNS involvement
- Liver fxn, BUN, creatinine –> if abnormal, guides chemo tx
- CXR –> may reveal PNA
ASD murmur
-holosystolic murmur along left sternal border and fixed split second heart sound
VSD murmur
-loud, harsh murmur
Which syndrome is associated with severe ASD? What is it?
Eisenmenger syndrome –> resistance in pulmonary blood flow is greater than systemic circulation
S/S increased pulmonary flow CHDs (7)
- loud,mechanical murmur
- tachypnea and tachycardia
- poor feeding
- diaphoresis with feeding
- thin, small child
- periorbital edema
- frequent PNA
S/s PDA 3)
- bounding peripheral pulses
- widened pulse pressure
- machinery murmur at upper left sternal border
Medication to close PDA
indomethacin
Clinical manifestations of TOF (3)
- Tet spells
- clubbing
- squatting or knee-chest position
What causes an increased incidence of TOF
^ maternal age
Coarction of the aorta major sign
-bounding upper pulses and decreased lower pulses
obstruction clinical picture (7)
- HTN
- murmur
- decreased peripheral pulses
- pale skin
- irritability
- heavy sweating
- difficulty breathing
causes of seizures (10)
- CVA
- hypoxemia
- fever
- head injury
- HTN
- CNS infection
- metabolic and toxic conditions
- brain tumor
- drug and alcohol withdrawal
- allergies
clinical manifestations of seizure (8)
- staring episode
- convulsons
- loss of consciousness
- epileptic cry
- twitching
- unintelligible speech
- tonic-clonic contractions
- incontinence
causes of hemorrhagic stroke (9)
- severe HTN
- DM
- atherosclerosis
- brain tumor
- illicit drugs
- anticoag drugs
- cerebral aneurysm
- head trauma
- AV malformation
Clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic stroke (6)
- severe HA
- N/V
- sudden change in LOC
- seizures
- loss of consciousness
- pain/rigidity of neck
complications of hem stroke (6)
- additional bleeding
- cerebral hypoxia
- vasospasm
- increased ICP
- hydrocephalus
- seizures
