Seizures Flashcards
What type of seizure originates at a specific octal discharge in the cortex that leaves the patient conscious?
Simple Partial Seizures
Epigastric rising, fear, a feeling of unreality or detachment, deja vu and olfactory hallucinations are common auras of what condition?
Simple Partial Seizure
How are complex partial seizures different from simple partial seizures?
The patient loses consciousness and often exhibits automatisms
Where do most partial seizures originate?
Temporal Lobe
What type of seizure –> loss of consciousness, extension of limbs and trunk with loud vocalization followed by muscle jerking?
Generalized Tonic Clonic
Describe the post-ictal state of a patient coming out of a generalized tonic clonic seizure
Initially unarousable, then lethargic, confused and desiring sleep
What type of seizure results in lapses of awareness, characterized by motionless staring and loss of muscle tone?
Absence (petit mal) Seizures
Which patients typically present with ATYPICAL absence seizures?
- Retarded children with epilepsy
- Epileptic Encephalopathies
- Lennox-Gastaut
What types of seizure presents with rapid, brief muscle jerks?
Myoclonic Seizures
What type of seizures present as “drop attacks”, as a sudden loss of muscle tone and may result in a fall?
Atonic (astatic) Seizures
What is a potential treatment for Atonic Seizures?
Cutting the Corpus Callosum
Which seizure disorder presents as seizures in newborns that can be subtle, clonic, tonic or myoclonic?
Neonatal Seizures
What do neonatal seizures indicate?
Neurological Dysfunction
Which seizure disorder presents in children younger than 6 months as sudden spasms of the head, trunk and limbs with hypsarrhythmia on EEG?
Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome)
What are potential causes of West Syndrome?
- Cerebral Dysgenesis
- Tuberous Sclerosis
- Phenylketonuria
- Intrauterine Infections
- Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury
What is the treatment for Infantile Spasms?
ACTH
Which seizure disorder presents in 4-12 year olds are staring spells with a 3Hz Spike and Wave EEG pattern?
Childhood Absence Epilepsy
What may be misdiagnosed as ADHD?
Childhood Absence Epilepsy
What is the treatment for Childhood Absence Epilepsy?
Ethosuximide
Which seizure disorder is associated with mental retardation and may be caused by brain malformations, asphyxia, injury, CNS infection or degenerative disorders?
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Which seizure disorder is not responsive to drugs but may be improved by vagal nerve stimulation or corpus callosotomy?
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Which seizure disorder occurs in children during rapidly rising fevers and presents as convulsions or Todd Paralysis?
Febrile Seizures
Which seizure disorder presents in children between 4-13 as attacks at night or upon waking and does not involve loss in consciousness?
Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood (Rolandic Epilepsy)
What is the EEG finding in Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood?
Stereotyped di- or triphasic sharp waves over the central-mid temporal regions
What is the drug of choice for Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood?
Carbamazepine
Which seizure disorder cannot be given Carbamazepine as a treatment?
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Which seizure disorder presents in 8-20 year olds as tonic-clonic seizures just after waking or in the morning?
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
What is the treatment for Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy?
Valproate
Which seizure disorder is the most common in adults?
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
What structures are the origin of the complex partial seizures seen in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?
Parahippocampal Gyrus and Hippocampus
Objects appearing abnormal in size is a finding in what seizure disorder?
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
What is the treatment of choice for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?
Temporal Lobotomy
Which seizure disorder is associated with brief seizures at night that cause bizarre motor manifestations?
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
