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Neuro/Psych Exam > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

What type of seizure originates at a specific octal discharge in the cortex that leaves the patient conscious?

A

Simple Partial Seizures

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2
Q

Epigastric rising, fear, a feeling of unreality or detachment, deja vu and olfactory hallucinations are common auras of what condition?

A

Simple Partial Seizure

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3
Q

How are complex partial seizures different from simple partial seizures?

A

The patient loses consciousness and often exhibits automatisms

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4
Q

Where do most partial seizures originate?

A

Temporal Lobe

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5
Q

What type of seizure –> loss of consciousness, extension of limbs and trunk with loud vocalization followed by muscle jerking?

A

Generalized Tonic Clonic

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6
Q

Describe the post-ictal state of a patient coming out of a generalized tonic clonic seizure

A

Initially unarousable, then lethargic, confused and desiring sleep

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7
Q

What type of seizure results in lapses of awareness, characterized by motionless staring and loss of muscle tone?

A

Absence (petit mal) Seizures

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8
Q

Which patients typically present with ATYPICAL absence seizures?

A
  1. Retarded children with epilepsy
  2. Epileptic Encephalopathies
  3. Lennox-Gastaut
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9
Q

What types of seizure presents with rapid, brief muscle jerks?

A

Myoclonic Seizures

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10
Q

What type of seizures present as “drop attacks”, as a sudden loss of muscle tone and may result in a fall?

A

Atonic (astatic) Seizures

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11
Q

What is a potential treatment for Atonic Seizures?

A

Cutting the Corpus Callosum

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12
Q

Which seizure disorder presents as seizures in newborns that can be subtle, clonic, tonic or myoclonic?

A

Neonatal Seizures

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13
Q

What do neonatal seizures indicate?

A

Neurological Dysfunction

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14
Q

Which seizure disorder presents in children younger than 6 months as sudden spasms of the head, trunk and limbs with hypsarrhythmia on EEG?

A

Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome)

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15
Q

What are potential causes of West Syndrome?

A
  1. Cerebral Dysgenesis
  2. Tuberous Sclerosis
  3. Phenylketonuria
  4. Intrauterine Infections
  5. Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury
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16
Q

What is the treatment for Infantile Spasms?

A

ACTH

17
Q

Which seizure disorder presents in 4-12 year olds are staring spells with a 3Hz Spike and Wave EEG pattern?

A

Childhood Absence Epilepsy

18
Q

What may be misdiagnosed as ADHD?

A

Childhood Absence Epilepsy

19
Q

What is the treatment for Childhood Absence Epilepsy?

A

Ethosuximide

20
Q

Which seizure disorder is associated with mental retardation and may be caused by brain malformations, asphyxia, injury, CNS infection or degenerative disorders?

A

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

21
Q

Which seizure disorder is not responsive to drugs but may be improved by vagal nerve stimulation or corpus callosotomy?

A

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

22
Q

Which seizure disorder occurs in children during rapidly rising fevers and presents as convulsions or Todd Paralysis?

A

Febrile Seizures

23
Q

Which seizure disorder presents in children between 4-13 as attacks at night or upon waking and does not involve loss in consciousness?

A

Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood (Rolandic Epilepsy)

24
Q

What is the EEG finding in Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood?

A

Stereotyped di- or triphasic sharp waves over the central-mid temporal regions

25
Q

What is the drug of choice for Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood?

A

Carbamazepine

26
Q

Which seizure disorder cannot be given Carbamazepine as a treatment?

A

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

27
Q

Which seizure disorder presents in 8-20 year olds as tonic-clonic seizures just after waking or in the morning?

A

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

28
Q

What is the treatment for Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy?

A

Valproate

29
Q

Which seizure disorder is the most common in adults?

A

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

30
Q

What structures are the origin of the complex partial seizures seen in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?

A

Parahippocampal Gyrus and Hippocampus

31
Q

Objects appearing abnormal in size is a finding in what seizure disorder?

A

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

32
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?

A

Temporal Lobotomy

33
Q

Which seizure disorder is associated with brief seizures at night that cause bizarre motor manifestations?

A

Frontal Lobe Epilepsy

Neuro/Psych Exam (12 decks)

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