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Neuro/Psych Exam > Flavivirus and Togavirus > Flashcards

Flavivirus and Togavirus Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the reservoir of Arbo Viruses?

A

Animals

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2
Q

What is the vector of arboviruses?

A

Insects (ticks, mosquitoes)

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3
Q

Where would the Arbovirus replicate?

A

In the insect vector

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4
Q

Which arbovirus has dsRNA and a double icosahedral capsid?

A

Colorado Tick Fever (Retroviridae)

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5
Q

Which arbovirus has ss(+)RNA, and icosahedral capsid and envelope?

A
  1. Togaviridae and Flaviviridae
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6
Q

Which arbovirus has ss(-)RNA, a helical capsid and an envelope?

A

Bunyaviridae

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7
Q

Which 4 classes make up the Arboviruses?

A
  1. Togaviridae
  2. Flaviviridae
  3. Bunyaviridae
  4. Reoviridae
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8
Q

What are the significant diseases that could occur from Togaviruses and Flaviviruses?

A
  1. Encephalitis
  2. Hemorrhagic Fever
  3. Fever and Rash
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9
Q

What are the classes of Togaviridae?

A
  1. Alphavirus

2. Rubivirus (Rubella)

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10
Q

Which viruses are protease sensitive?

A

Togaviruses

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11
Q

Describe the initial presentation for Togaviruses

A

Insect Bite –> multiplies in RE –> Viremia –> fever, chills, vomiting and pain

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12
Q

What is the cause of the encephalitis that results from Togaviruses?

A

The virus has crossed the BBB and is causing lesions through neuronophagia –> neck rigidity, confusion and convulsions

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13
Q

What are some Togaviruses (Alphaviruses) that cause encephalitis?

A
  1. Eastern Equine Encephalitis
  2. Western Equine Encephalitis
  3. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis
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14
Q

Which Alphavirus is most serious?

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

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15
Q

Describe the vaccination approach to EEE

A

Horse vaccination to reduce the amount of infection in the natural host

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16
Q

Clinical Infections of Western Equine Encephalitis are seen more commonly in which demographic?

A

Children

17
Q

Eastern Equine Encephalitis is more severe in which demographic (fatal in 30%)

A

Elderly

18
Q

Which viruses are protease resistant?

A

Flaviviridae

19
Q

Describe the first stage of infection by Flaviviruses

A

Infected bite –> replicates in RE –> Viremia –> Fever, chills, malaise and vomiting

20
Q

What are the Flaviviruses that can cause encephalitis?

A
  1. St. Louis
  2. Japanese
  3. West Nile
21
Q

What are the Flavaviruses that can cause hemorrhagic fever or have multiple systems involvement (viscera, endothelium and skin)?

A
  1. Yellow Fever Virus

2. Dengue Fever

22
Q

Which hemorrhagic fever-causing virus could also present as a less severe disease without the hemorrhagic fever?

A

Dengue Virus

23
Q

Describe the second stage of infection in Yellow Fever Virus

A
  1. Severe Saddle Back (Diphasic) Fever
  2. Jaundice (liver necrosis)
  3. Necrosis of Kidney
  4. Black Vomit (hemorrhages in the stomach that cause RBCs to react with the acid)
24
Q

Which virus can be caused by one of four serotypes?

A

Dengue Fever Virus

25
Q

Where is Dengue Fever seen?

A

Tropics

26
Q

What is the presentation of mild Dengue Fever?

A
  1. Maculopapular Rash
  2. pain in joints and muscles
  3. Ocular Pain
  4. Saddle Back Fever
27
Q

What situation of Dengue Fever is more likely to progress to hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome?

A

Primary Infection by Serotype (1, 3 or 4) followed by second infection of Serotype 2 that results in Ab-Antigen reaction that activates monocytes –> immunopathology and concomitant hemoconcentration and thrombocytopenia

28
Q

What is the treatment of hemoconcentration?

A

Hydration

29
Q

What are the possible transmission routes for West Nile Virus?

A
  1. Insect Vector
  2. Blood Transfusion
  3. Organ Transplant
30
Q

Serology is useful for which virus?

A

West Nile Virus

31
Q

Which virus can be immunized for using the 17DD or 17D204 live attenuated virus?

A

Yellow Fever

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