Psych Disorders Flashcards
What is psychosis?
Break from reality involving delusions and disordered thinking
What is a sensory perception without an actual external stimulus?
Hallucination
What is the misinterpretation of an existing sensory stimulus?
Illusion
Hallucinations, hyperactivity, hypervigilance, mood lability, grandiosity, suspiciousness, hostility and delusions are what?
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Flat affect, emotional withdrawal, difficulty with abstract thinking, loss of conversation and barren thought content are what?
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Which symptom of Schizophrenia is most impairing and associated with a worse prognosis?
Disorganization (conceptual, disorientation, bizarre behavior, poor attention)
What is the DSM 5 criteria for Schizophrenia?
A) Symptoms of the following:
*1. Delusions
*2. Hallucinations
*3. Disorganized Speech
4. Catatonic Behavior
5. Negative Symptoms
for the majority of time over at least a 1 month period
B) Decreased functioning in work or relationships compared to level of functioning prior to defect for 6months
C) Signs of disturbance for 6 months
D) No depressive/manic episodes during active phase sxs, or mood disturbances have only been present for a minority of the time
E) Not attributable to drugs
F) If autism spectrum of communication disorder, the delusions and hallucinations must be prominent
What are the components of the mental status exam?
- General Appearance and Behavior
- Mood
- Affect
- Speech
- Thought Process/Content
- Perceptions
- Cognition
- Insight
- Judgement
What is Nihilism/Cotard’s Syndrome?
Delusion where the patient thinks they are dead
What is Capgras Syndrome?
Delusion where a known person is not recognized and believed to be replaced
What is Fregoli’s Syndrome?
Delusion where the persecutor is believed to take other identities
What are formications?
Tactile Hallucinations
What is derealization?
Belief that the world around you is not real
What is depersonalization?
Belief that they are looking at things from outside their body
What is catatonia?
Inability to move normally
What is stupor?
Motionless (Type of Catatonia)
What is mutism?
No verbal response (Type of Catatonia)
What is waxy flexibility
Patient can easily be molded by the examiner (Type of Catatonia)
What is catalepsy?
Rigid posture (Type of Catatonia)
What is echopraxia?
Repetition of another’s actions (Type of Catatonia)
What is echolalia?
Repetition of another person’s speech (Type of Catatonia)
What is negativism?
Opposition/no response to instructions or external stimuli (Type of Catatonia)
What are factors contributing to Schizophrenia?
- Genetic
- Psychostimulant Use
- Toxoplasmosis
- Nutritional Deprivation prenatally
- Complicated childbirth
- Cannabis use
- Winter/Spring birth
- Urban residence
What brain abnormalities are associated with Schizophrenia?
- Decreased dendrite spines of neurons in the PFC
- Abnormal Connectivity in hippocampus
- Decreased brain volume and enlarged ventricles (especially decreased size in hippocampus, superior temporal lobe, thalamus and PFC)
What neurotransmitter abnormality is thought to be associated with Schizophrenia?
Too much dopamine
What are common complications of Schizophrenia?
- Suicide
- Substance Abuse
- Depression
- Violence
What factors indicate a better prognosis in Schizophrenic Patients?
- Later onset
- Good social support
- Positive Symptoms
- Mood Symptoms
- Acute Onset
- Female
- Few Relapses
- High premorbid functioning
What factors indicate a worse prognosis in Schizophrenic Patients?
- Early onset
- Poor social support
- Negative symptoms
- Family Hx
- Gradual onset
- Male
- Many relapses
- Poor premorbid functioning
Which condition presents with the same symptoms of Schizophrenia but lasts only 1-6 months?
Schizophreniform Disorder
What is a delusional disorder?
A condition characterized by a delusion lasting longer than 1 month without hallucinations or disorganized thought. Delusion is not especially bizarre (common is parasitic infection)
What condition is characterized by either delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behavior, or catatonic behavior lasting longer than 1 day but shorter than 1 month?
A brief psychotic disorder
Which condition involved schizophrenic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) + major mood episode with *at least 2 weeks where the schizophrenic symptoms were present without the mood episode?
Schizoaffective disorder
What are the potential types for schizoaffective disorder?
- Bipolar Type
2. Depressive Type
What are the treatment options for Schizophrenia?
- Antipsychotic Medicines
- ECT
- Psychosocial Interventions
