seizures Flashcards

1
Q

sudden onset of a rigid tonic phase followed by a convulsion clonic

A

grand mal seizure - generalized tonic clonic seizures

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2
Q

disorder of childhood - child ceases stares and pales for few seconds only

A

absence seizure

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3
Q

what type of seizure characterized by 3 HZ spike and wave activity on EEG

A

absence seizures

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4
Q

isolated muscle jerking

A

myoclonic

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5
Q

intense stiffening of body

A

tonic seizure

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6
Q

stop movement, falling, and LOC

A

akinetic seizures

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7
Q

describe jacksinion motor seizures

A

jerking movement beginning in corner of the mouth or thumb and index finger and spreads to involve limbs on opp side of epileptic focus

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8
Q

what causes todds paralysis of limbs after seizure for several hrs

A

jacksonian seizure

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9
Q

seizure associated with olfactory and hallucinations , blank staring, or undue familiarity w surroundings

A

temporal lobe seizure

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10
Q

what is the main cause of temporal lobe epilepsy

A

hippocampal sclerosis

(hippocampus structure in temporal for memory and learning)

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11
Q

what type of seizure is visible on mri and most common cause of drug resistant epilepsy

A

temporal lobe

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12
Q

what metabolic disorders present w convulsions?

A

HYPOglycemia
HYPOcalcemia
HYPOnatremia
uremia
hepatocellular failure

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13
Q

what are side effects of lorazepam

A

resp depression and hypotension

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14
Q

second line treatment of acute seizures

A

phenytoin may cause dysarrhythimas

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15
Q

third line tx of acute seizures

A

phenobarbital repeated at intervals 6-8 hrs if necessary

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16
Q

what is their aim for long term anti-epileptic drugs

A

aim is monotherapy using one drug if no effect then change drug if still then add another drug

17
Q

intoxication of all anticonvulsants causes what symptoms

A

ataxia nystagmus and dysarthria

18
Q

what antiepileptics are good for preg ppl

A

levetiracetam and lamotrigine

the two LL (leve lama alone shes pregnanat)

19
Q

what area can be treated surgerly by amputation to treat epilepsy?

A

anterior temporal lobe

20
Q

first line drugs of generalized tonic clonic

A

sodium valproate, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, carbamezapine

“leve lama to drive her svr car in generalized tonic clonic “

21
Q

first line of petit mal seizures

A

ethosuxamide

22
Q

partial seizures first line tx

A

sodium valproate, levetiracetam, carbamezapine, lamotrigine

23
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

reccurent seizures without rest or complete inter ectal return or prolonged seizure more than 5 min

24
Q

what is main trigger of status epilepticus?

A

stopping anti epileptics
alcohol withdrawal
stroke
infections

25
what differentiates psychogenic seizure from actual seizure ?
check CK ---> indicates muscle damage and contractionslead to muscle breakdown which release ck in blood also prolactin lvls
26
what is given as first line treatment for at risk epileptic pts before hosp tx
buccal midazolam rectal diazepam