seizures

Question 1

sudden onset of a rigid tonic phase followed by a convulsion clonic

Answer 1

grand mal seizure - generalized tonic clonic seizures

Question 2

disorder of childhood - child ceases stares and pales for few seconds only

Answer 2

absence seizure

Question 3

what type of seizure characterized by 3 HZ spike and wave activity on EEG

Answer 3

absence seizures

Question 4

isolated muscle jerking

Answer 4

myoclonic

Question 5

intense stiffening of body

Answer 5

tonic seizure

Question 6

stop movement, falling, and LOC

Answer 6

akinetic seizures

Question 7

describe jacksinion motor seizures

Answer 7

jerking movement beginning in corner of the mouth or thumb and index finger and spreads to involve limbs on opp side of epileptic focus

Question 8

what causes todds paralysis of limbs after seizure for several hrs

Answer 8

jacksonian seizure

Question 9

seizure associated with olfactory and hallucinations , blank staring, or undue familiarity w surroundings

Answer 9

temporal lobe seizure

Question 10

what is the main cause of temporal lobe epilepsy

Answer 10

hippocampal sclerosis

(hippocampus structure in temporal for memory and learning)

Question 11

what type of seizure is visible on mri and most common cause of drug resistant epilepsy

Answer 11

temporal lobe

Question 12

what metabolic disorders present w convulsions?

Answer 12

HYPOglycemia
HYPOcalcemia
HYPOnatremia
uremia
hepatocellular failure

Question 13

what are side effects of lorazepam

Answer 13

resp depression and hypotension

Question 14

second line treatment of acute seizures

Answer 14

phenytoin may cause dysarrhythimas

Question 15

third line tx of acute seizures

Answer 15

phenobarbital repeated at intervals 6-8 hrs if necessary

Question 16

what is their aim for long term anti-epileptic drugs

Answer 16

aim is monotherapy using one drug if no effect then change drug if still then add another drug

Question 17

intoxication of all anticonvulsants causes what symptoms

Answer 17

ataxia nystagmus and dysarthria

Question 18

what antiepileptics are good for preg ppl

Answer 18

levetiracetam and lamotrigine

the two LL (leve lama alone shes pregnanat)

Question 19

what area can be treated surgerly by amputation to treat epilepsy?

Answer 19

anterior temporal lobe

Question 20

first line drugs of generalized tonic clonic

Answer 20

sodium valproate, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, carbamezapine

Question 21

first line of petit mal seizures

Answer 21

ethosuxamide

Question 22

partial seizures first line tx

Answer 22

sodium valproate, levetiracetam, carbamezapine, lamotrigine

Question 23

what is status epilepticus

Answer 23

reccurent seizures without rest or complete inter ectal return or prolonged seizure more than 5 min

Question 24

what is main trigger of status epilepticus?

Answer 24

stopping anti epileptics
alcohol withdrawal
stroke
infections

Question 25

what differentiates psychogenic seizure from actual seizure ?

Answer 25

check CK —> indicates muscle damage and contractionslead to muscle breakdown which release ck in blood
also prolactin lvls

Question 26

what is given as first line treatment for at risk epileptic pts before hosp tx

Answer 26

buccal midazolam
rectal diazepam