seizures Flashcards
sudden onset of a rigid tonic phase followed by a convulsion clonic
grand mal seizure - generalized tonic clonic seizures
disorder of childhood - child ceases stares and pales for few seconds only
absence seizure
what type of seizure characterized by 3 HZ spike and wave activity on EEG
absence seizures
isolated muscle jerking
myoclonic
intense stiffening of body
tonic seizure
stop movement, falling, and LOC
akinetic seizures
describe jacksinion motor seizures
jerking movement beginning in corner of the mouth or thumb and index finger and spreads to involve limbs on opp side of epileptic focus
what causes todds paralysis of limbs after seizure for several hrs
jacksonian seizure
seizure associated with olfactory and hallucinations , blank staring, or undue familiarity w surroundings
temporal lobe seizure
what is the main cause of temporal lobe epilepsy
hippocampal sclerosis
(hippocampus structure in temporal for memory and learning)
what type of seizure is visible on mri and most common cause of drug resistant epilepsy
temporal lobe
what metabolic disorders present w convulsions?
HYPOglycemia
HYPOcalcemia
HYPOnatremia
uremia
hepatocellular failure
what are side effects of lorazepam
resp depression and hypotension
second line treatment of acute seizures
phenytoin may cause dysarrhythimas
third line tx of acute seizures
phenobarbital repeated at intervals 6-8 hrs if necessary
what is their aim for long term anti-epileptic drugs
aim is monotherapy using one drug if no effect then change drug if still then add another drug
intoxication of all anticonvulsants causes what symptoms
ataxia nystagmus and dysarthria
what antiepileptics are good for preg ppl
levetiracetam and lamotrigine
the two LL (leve lama alone shes pregnanat)
what area can be treated surgerly by amputation to treat epilepsy?
anterior temporal lobe
first line drugs of generalized tonic clonic
sodium valproate, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, carbamezapine
“leve lama to drive her svr car in generalized tonic clonic “
first line of petit mal seizures
ethosuxamide
partial seizures first line tx
sodium valproate, levetiracetam, carbamezapine, lamotrigine
what is status epilepticus
reccurent seizures without rest or complete inter ectal return or prolonged seizure more than 5 min
what is main trigger of status epilepticus?
stopping anti epileptics
alcohol withdrawal
stroke
infections
what differentiates psychogenic seizure from actual seizure ?
check CK —> indicates muscle damage and contractionslead to muscle breakdown which release ck in blood
also prolactin lvls
what is given as first line treatment for at risk epileptic pts before hosp tx
buccal midazolam
rectal diazepam
