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cns > brain edema, herniation, tumors > Flashcards

brain edema, herniation, tumors Flashcards

1
Q

what type of brain edema causes intracellular swelling secondary to direct cell injury

A

cytotoxic edema

cyto= cell

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2
Q

cytotoxic edema caused by failure of what

A

failur of homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size

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3
Q

cytotoxic edema represents what that is caused by homeostatic failure

A

ATP failure

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4
Q

what type of brain edema is caused by increased permeability of capillary endothelial cells

A

vasogenic edema

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5
Q

what type causes fluid escapes into ECS (leaky capillaries) and neurons not injured

A

vasogenic edema

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6
Q

examples of vasogenic edema are

A

tumors
ICH
infarcts
abseccess
cns infections

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7
Q

what is the tx of vasogenic edema

A

steroid therapy : gd for mass lesions

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8
Q

what types is caused by increased fluid in periventricular white matter due to obstruction of csf flow

A

interstitial edema

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9
Q

examples of interstitial edema

A

increased csf hydrostatic pressure
hydrocephalus

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10
Q

treat interstitial edema

A

reduce csf pressure

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11
Q

what happens in tonsillar herniation

A

foramen magnum herniation or coning
the cerebellar tonsils herniate thru foramen magnum compress medulla oblongata and upper cervical sc

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12
Q

what are complications of tonsillar herniation

A

cardiopulmonary irregularities

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13
Q

what happens in subfalcine herniation

A

cingulate gyrus is displaced under falx cerebri by a high supratentorial mass in one hemisphere

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14
Q

what artery is compressed in subfalcine

A

aca

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15
Q

what part of the brain is infarcted in subfalcine

A

paramedian cortex (frontal and parietal)

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16
Q

what veins can subfalcine compress

A

bridging veins that drain superior sagittal sinus

17
Q

what type of tumor is benign well circumscribed in posterior fossa mostly occurs in children

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

18
Q

diffuse astrocytoma is found mostly found where and is it benign or malignant

A

cerebral hemispheres and it is benign

19
Q

anaplastic astrocytoma is characterized by what

A

-malignant
-increase in cellularity
-inc in mitotic activity
-atypia

20
Q

glioblastoma astrocytoma features

A

-malignant
-progresses rapidly
-poor prognosis
-central necrosis and vascular prolif

21
Q

where does meningioma arise from

A

arise from meninges and is benign

22
Q

what do pts with vestibular schwannoma present with

A

-unilateral hearing loss
-tinnitus
-vertigo
-loss of balance

23
Q

vestibular schwannoma occurs due to damage to what

A

vestibular nerve that is associated with balance

24
Q

where does vestibular schwannoma originate from

A

cerebello-pontine angle

25
Q

medulloblastoma features

A

-children
-neuroectodermal tumor
-arise from 4th vent
-post fossa
-highly malignant

26
Q

presentation of pt with medulloblastoma

A

obstructive hydrocephalus
raised icp

27
Q

where does craniopharyngioma arise from

A

from rathkes pouch embryo structure contributes to pituitary gland

28
Q

what is the most common suprasellar tumor in children

A

craniopharyngioma

29
Q

what do pts with craniopharyngioma present with

A

hypopituitarism
homonymous hemianopsia

30
Q

what to pts present with symptoms in subfalcine herniatiom

A

gait problem since aca is compressed and is in frontal lobe with controls movementsof lower limbs

31
Q

in uncal herniation where is it located in brain

A

in temporal lobe

32
Q

what are symptoms in uncal herniation

A

-midbrain is affected so CN 3+4 (occulomotor nerve palsy)
-post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers = dilated pupils ipsilateral
-infarction of occipital lobe =PCA compressed

33
Q

what type of herniation is when both temporal lobes herniate thru tentorial notch bcz of bilateral mass effects

A

central herniation

34
Q

what is compressed in tonsillar herniation

A

medulla oblongata contains resp centers (DRG+VRG) and upper sc

35
Q

on mri what does glioblastoma appear

A

ring enhancing lesion

cns (5 decks)

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