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Unit 2 - Intro To Biology > Segment 4 - Cellular Structure & Function > Flashcards

Segment 4 - Cellular Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Robert Hooke?

A

He was the first to discover cells in 1965

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2
Q

Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

A

Was the first to witness a live cell under a microscope

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3
Q

Which microscope can be used to explore internal structures within a cell and magnifies to approx. 100,000 times? Scanning electron microscope OR regular electron microscope?

A

Regular electron microscope

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4
Q

Which microscopes can be used to see smaller structures such as proteins and lipids?

A

A scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope

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5
Q

What is cellular theory?

A

Principles that define the characteristics of cells

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6
Q

Who developed the cellular theory?

A

Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann

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7
Q

There are 2 types of cells. True OR False?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What are the types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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9
Q

All living organisms are made of cells? True OR False?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Atoms are basic units of life. True OR False?

A

FALSE. Cells are the basic units of life

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11
Q

Where do cells come from?

A

Preexisting cells

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12
Q

Hereditary information is passed from cell to cell. True OR False?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Chemical composition varies between cells. True OR False?

A

FALSE. All cells have the same basic chemical composition

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14
Q

Energy flows within cells. True OR False?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

It separates the cells interior from its exterior (outside) environment

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16
Q

What is cytosol?

A

A jelly-like fluid

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17
Q

Where is cytosol found?

A

In the cytoplasm

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18
Q

What is an organelle?

A

Specialized structures containing specific functions within the cytoplasm of a cell

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19
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

They carry genes through DNA

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20
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

They synthesize proteins

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21
Q

What is a defining feature of a prokaryote?

A

They are significantly smaller than eukaryotes and are single celled (unicellular) organisms

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22
Q

Bacteria is a type of eukaryote. True OR False?

A

FALSE. Bacteria is a prokaryote

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23
Q

A prokaryote contains no nucleus. True OR False?

A

TRUE

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24
Q

What is the hair like appendages that helps bacteria adhere to surfaces called?

A

Pili

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25
What is the singular of pili?
Pilus
26
What is a cell wall?
Provides structural support and protection for a cell
27
The plasma membrane is made up of what?
Fats and proteins
28
What is a capsule?
Sugar containing layer part of the bacterial cellular membrane
29
What is the cytoplasm?
Where all the material within a cell is enclosed
30
What is a nucleoid?
DNA
31
What is a difference in DNA between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
The DNA in prokaryotes is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
32
What is the tail like appendage used for mobility in bacteria called?
The flagellum
33
What is the substance made up of sugar and proteins that forms the cell wall called?
Peptidoglycan
34
What is the plasma membrane composed of?
A phospholipid bilayer
35
What is escherichia coli?
A type of bacterial prokaryote known for making humans ill
36
What is streptococcus pyogenes?
A bacterial prokaryote known for causing strep throat in humans
37
What is an extremophile?
An organism that is able to thrive in harsh environments such as Archaea
38
What is a Eukaryote?
Mostly multicellular organism
39
There are Eukaryotes that are unicellular. True OR False?
TRUE
40
Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus? True OR False?
TRUE
41
What is a glycoprotein?
A semipermeable protein molecule with carbohydrates attached
42
What do you call the protein molecule that filters waste and acts as an internal regulator?
A glycoprotein
43
What do you call the finger like projections along the cell’s plasma membrane that absorbs nutrients from food and blood?
Microvilli
44
Organelle is derived from which term?
Organ
45
What is an organelle?
Specialized subunits suspended within the cytoplasm
46
The nucleus is the ___ of the cell.
Brain
47
Nucleus is responsible for…
Controlling DNA transcription and protein synthesis by determining which proteins to make
48
A nuclear envelope is a ______ that surrounds the nucleus and offers an extra layer of protection.
Double membrane
49
What happens if DNA is damaged?
It could die or produce non viable daughter cells
50
The nucleolus is the smaller region within the nucleus that is responsible for producing ______ but isn’t actually an organelle.
Ribosomes
51
Ribosomes are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. True OR False?
FALSE. Ribosomes are found free floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells only.
52
What is rRNA?
The cellular components that build proteins
53
Cells that have high rates of protein synthesis contain less ribosomes than others. True OR False?
FALSE. They contain more ribosomes that others
54
The endomembrane system carries out cell tasks such as _______ and ______.
Protein synthesis and detoxification
55
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
The plasma membrane within the endomembrane system
56
What are the sacs and tubules within the endoplasmic reticulum called?
Cisternae
57
What are the internal parts of cisternae called?
Lumen
58
What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth and rough
59
Which endoplasmic reticulum works with ribosomes to produce proteins
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
60
How many ribosomes does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum contain? (Non numeric)
Few or none
61
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
To produce lipids or fats
62
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Finishes producing protein and lipid products
63
What are vesicles and how do they differ from vacuoles?
Vesicles are bubble like sacs used for transport and are smaller than vacuoles
64
What face of the Golgi apparatus is the receiving end?
The cis face
65
What do you call the side of the Golgi apparatus where finished proteins leave?
The trans face
66
Mitochondria is the ______ of the cell.
Powerhouse
67
ATP is generated by ______.
The mitochondria
68
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
69
Adenosine triphosphate is the energy carrying molecule produced by cellular respiration. True or False?
TRUE
70
What do you call the process of making ATP from oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients and then turning it into carbon waste?
Cellular respiration
71
The mitochondria has its own DNA. True OR False?
TRUE
72
Nuclear DNA survives longer than mitochondrial DNA. True OR False?
FALSE. Mitochondrial DNA survives much longer after cell death
73
What is cristae?
The folds within the inner membrane layer of the mitochondria
74
Lysosomes are the ______ center
Recycling
75
Lysosomes turn recycled material into products such as _____ and _____.
Amino acids and peptides
76
Autophagy is the process of ______ cell material.
Recycling
77
How do peroxisomes differ from lysosomes?
Peroxisomes only primarily break down lipids and fat
78
Exocytosis is the ______ of stored molecules.
Release
79
What do you call the process of molecules being brought into a cell?
Endocytosis
80
Compared to animals cells, plant cells are typically _____.
Larger
81
The organelle that carries out photosynthesis is called a _____.
Chloroplast
82
Thylakoids form stacks called ______.
Grana
83
A plastid that produces and stores starch from plants is called an ______.
Amyloplast
84
Unlike in animals, vacuoles also provide _________ in plants.
Structural support
85
Where do you find chlorophyll in plants?
The chloroplast
86
Chlorophyll does what?
Absorb sunlight
87
What is photosynthesis?
The process of converting solar energy into sugars in plants.
88
What are thylakoids?
Sacs that form the inner membrane of plant cells
89
_____ is the fluid outside of the grana that contains ribosomes and chloroplast DNA.
Stroma
90
Chloroplasts belong to which family of organelles
Plastids
91
What is the organelle that gives pigments to fruit and veggies?
Chromoplasts
92
Starch can be converted into what?
Glucose

Unit 2 - Intro To Biology (4 decks)

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