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Unit 2 - Intro To Biology > Segment 2 - Chemistry > Flashcards

Segment 2 - Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that occupies space and is composed of elements

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A specific substance that can’t be broken broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions.

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3
Q

How many elements are there?

A

118

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4
Q

How many elements are naturally occurring?

A

94

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5
Q

How many elements are unstable?

A

24

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6
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

It communicates important info about each element and how they relate to each other

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7
Q

Who invented the periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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8
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest component of an element that retains all the chemical properties of that element

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9
Q

What are the 4 components of an atom’s structure?

A

Nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons

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10
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Central region of an atom that contains protons

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11
Q

What are protons?

A

Positively charged particles

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12
Q

What are electrons?

A

Negatively charged particles found in orbitals around the outside of the nucleus

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13
Q

What are neutrons?

A

Particles found in elements heavier than hydrogen and have mass but no charge, found in the nucleus of the atom holding protons in place

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14
Q

Which particle has the same amount as the number of protons?

A

Electrons

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15
Q

Neutrons always match the number of protons and electrons. True or False?

A

FALSE

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16
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The number of protons within an atom which determines the element it belongs to

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17
Q

How do you find the atomic mass of an element?

A

By adding the number of protons with the number of neutrons

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18
Q

How do you find the average number of neutrons?

A

By subtracting the amount of protons from the atomic mass of an element

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19
Q

The mass of a proton is greater than an electron. True or False?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

What is an electric charge?

A

A property in protons and electrons that determine how electricity is moved through a material

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21
Q

What an atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons, the atom has a positive charge. True or False?

A

FALSE. The atom becomes neutral.

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22
Q

How many orbital shells are there?

A

4

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23
Q

What are the names of the orbital shells?

A

S orbital, P orbital, d orbital, and f orbital

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24
Q

How many electrons are found on the s subshell?

A

2

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25
Q

How many electrons are found on the p subshell?

A

8

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26
Q

How many electrons are found on the d subshell?

A

18

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27
Q

How many electrons are found on the f subshell?

A

32

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28
Q

How many orbitals in the s subshell?

A

1

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29
Q

How many orbitals in the p subshell?

A

3 orbitals

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30
Q

How many orbitals in the d subshell?

A

5 orbitals

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31
Q

How many orbitals in the f subshell?

A

7 orbitals

32
Q

Each row shows how many orbitals an element has in that row. True or False?

A

TRUE

33
Q

There are 7 rows on the periodic table not including Lanthanides (with 6 orbitals) and Actinides (with 7 orbitals). True or False?

A

TRUE

34
Q

What are inert elements?

A

Includes all noble gases and they do not react with other elements to form compounds.

35
Q

Inert elements have unstable outer shells. True or False?

A

FALSE. Inert elements have full outer shells making them stable atoms.

36
Q

What are compounds?

A

They are formed between 2 or more elements in fixed proportions

37
Q

Compounds can only be broken down through physical processes. True or False?

A

FALSE. Compounds can only be broken down through chemical processes.

38
Q

What are isotopes?

A

They occur when an atom has a different number of neutrons in comparison to protons

39
Q

Some isotopes are radioactive. True or False?

A

TRUE

40
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Involves one atom losing 1 or more electrons and another atom gaining that lost electron

41
Q

What is one way to remember ionic bonds?

A

“Sharing is caring”

42
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a charge

43
Q

What is an anion?

A

An ion with a negative charge

44
Q

What is a cation?

A

An ion with a positive charge

45
Q

Sodium chloride is an example of what bond?

A

Ionic

46
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Involves elements sharing electrons to achieve a full outer shell without gaining or losing

47
Q

What is one way to remember covalent bonds?

A

Think of it as a symbiotic relationship

48
Q

How many bonds can be formed within a covalent bond?

A

Single, double, or triple

49
Q

What is a molecule?

A

The smallest unit of a compound that has the same properties of a compound and occurs within a covalent bond

50
Q

All compounds are molecules but not vice versa. True or False?

A

TRUE

51
Q

What are the 2 kinds of covalent bonds?

A

Polar and nonpolar

52
Q

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

A

When 2 covalently bonded atoms share electrons almost equally

53
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

When electrons are shared unequally

54
Q

Hydrogen chloride is an example of which type of bond?

A

Polar covalent

55
Q

Water is an example of which type of bound?

A

Polar covalent

56
Q

Hydrogen is an example of which type of bond?

A

Nonpolar covalent

57
Q

Oxygen is an example of which type of bond?

A

Nonpolar covalent

58
Q

Water is made up of which atoms?

A

2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen

59
Q

What is an octet?

A

A full outer orbital ring

60
Q

H20 forms a bent molecule. True or False?

A

TRUE

61
Q

What is a dipole?

A

When a molecule has regions of charge that are separated to form polar molecules

62
Q

Water is a universal solvent. True or False?

A

TRUE.

63
Q

Cohesion is when…

A

An substance is attracted to itself

64
Q

Adhesion is when…

A

A substance is attracted to other substances

65
Q

Boiling point is determined by atomic mass of one atom. True or False?

A

FALSE. It’s determined by molecular mass of a molecule.

66
Q

How is molecular mass determined?

A

By adding all the sums of the atomic masses for each atom within a molecule

67
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen atoms in a solution

68
Q

What is alkalinity?

A

The base of a solution

69
Q

What is a base?

A

Provides hydroxide ions or other negatively charged ions that combine with hydrogen to reduce the concentration of a solution

70
Q

What is pH

A

Indicates how acidic or alkaline something is

71
Q

The lower the number the higher the concentration of hydrogen. True or False?

A

TRUE.

72
Q

What pH level is water?

A

Neutral or 7.

73
Q

What is the highest level of pH?

A

14

74
Q

What is the lowest level of pH?

A

1

75
Q

Where are noble gases located on the periodic table?

A

The very last column

Unit 2 - Intro To Biology (4 decks)

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