Seed Structure

Question 1

What characterizes non-endospermic seeds?

Answer 1

Endosperm being used up to develop cotyledons

Non-endospermic seeds utilize the endosperm during development.

Question 2

What protects the external structure of non-endospermic seeds?

Answer 2

Testa (seed coat)

The testa is a protective layer surrounding the seed.

Question 3

What are the three main structures of the embryo in non-endospermic seeds?

Answer 3

• Radicle (embryonic root)
• Hypocotyl (middle section that becomes stem)
• Epicotyl (top section, also known as plumule)

These structures develop into various parts of the seedling.

Question 4

What type of seeds are most common in monocots?

Answer 4

Endospermic seeds

Endospermic seeds retain their endosperm after fertilization.

Question 5

What are the functions of the endosperm in endospermic seeds?

Answer 5

• Makes up majority of seed volume
• Serves as energy reserves for germination
• Fuels initial seedling growth

The endosperm is crucial for the seed’s development and the seedling’s early growth.

Question 6

What external features do endospermic seeds have?

Answer 6

• Protected by testa on outside
• Contains aleurone layer between testa and endosperm

The aleurone layer plays a role in seed metabolism.

Question 7

What are the internal structures of endospermic seeds?

Answer 7

• Scutellum (modified cotyledon, smaller than in non-endospermic seeds)
• Embryonic axis containing:
  
  • Coleoptile (protective structure at top)
  • Epicotyl
  • Hypocotyl
  • Coleorhiza (root structure)

These structures are essential for seed germination and seedling development.

Question 8

What does ‘hypo’ mean in botanical terminology?

Answer 8

Below

‘Hypo’ is a prefix indicating a position lower than another.

Question 9

What does ‘epi’ mean in botanical terminology?

Answer 9

Above

‘Epi’ is a prefix indicating a position higher than another.

Question 10

What does ‘endo’ signify in botanical terms?

Answer 10

Inside

‘Endo’ is used in terms like endosperm, indicating an internal structure.

Question 11

What does ‘exo’ mean in botanical terminology?

Answer 11

Outside

‘Exo’ is used in terms like exogenous, indicating an external structure.

Question 12

What does ‘rhiza’ relate to in botanical terminology?

Answer 12

Root structures

‘Rhiza’ is derived from Greek, referring to roots.

Question 13

Answer 13