Sedatives

Question 1

Thiopental

Answer 1

Barbiturate - sedative hypnotic

• Ultra-short half-life due to redistribution
• I.v for induction of anesthesia

Question 2

Phenobarbital

Answer 2

Barbiturate - sedative hypnotic, made in 1912

• Long acting
• I.v to treat seizures (not 1st line in adults, but in neonates

Question 3

Primidone (sketchy)

Answer 3

Barbiturate - sedative hypnotic

• Treat seizures and essential tremor (1st line w/propanolol)
• Phenobarbital active metabolite

Question 4

Methohexital

Answer 4

Barbiturate - sedative hypnotic

• Ultra-short (redistribution)
• I.v: anesthesia induction

Question 5

Hexobarbital

Answer 5

Barbiturate - sedative hypnotic

• Ultra-short (redistribution)
• I.v: anesthesia induction

Question 6

Cyclobarbital, amobarbital

Answer 6

Babiturate - sedative hypnotic

• Short/medium acting
• Old-fashion

Question 7

Veronal

Answer 7

Diethylbarbiturate - First barbiturate in therapy (1903)

Question 8

Thalidomide

Answer 8

• Previous use for sedative and hypnotic effect

- Withdrawn 1961: teratogenic

Question 9

Chlordiazepoxide

Answer 9

Benzodiazepine - anxiolytic (sedative)

- Long half-life

Question 10

Diazepam

Answer 10

Benzodiazepine

• Anxiolytic (sedative), central muscle relaxant, acute/epileptic state, premed. before general anesthesia, alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens), endoscopy
• Long half-life

Question 11

Clonazepam

Answer 11

Benzodiazepine

• Anxiolytic (sedative), panic attacks, absence seizures
• Medium half-life

Question 12

Alprazolam

Answer 12

Benzodiazepine

• Anxiolytic (sedative), panic attacks
• Medium half-life
• Tetracyclic

Question 13

Oxazepam

Answer 13

Benzodiazepine

• Anxiolytic (sedative)
• Short (to medium) half-life

Question 14

Lorazepam

Answer 14

Benzodiazepine

• Anxiolytic (sedative), hypnotic, acute/epileptic state
• Medium half-life

Question 15

Midazolam

Answer 15

Benzodiazepine

• Hypnotic, induction of general anesthesia, endoscopy
• Short half-life

Question 16

Nitrazepam

Answer 16

Benzodiazepine

• Hypnotic
• Medium half-life

Question 17

Flunitrazepam

Answer 17

Benzodiazepine

- Hypnotic

Question 18

Flurazepam

Answer 18

Benzodiazepine

- Long half-life

Question 19

Triazolam

Answer 19

Benzodiazepine

• Hypnotic
• Short half-life
• Tetracyclic

Question 20

Tetrazepam

Answer 20

Benzodiazepine

- Central muscle relaxant

Question 21

Benzodiazepine antagonist

Answer 21

Flumazenil

Question 22

Eszopiclone

Answer 22

Z-drug (non-BZD sedative hypnotic)

• Longer half-life than other Z drugs
• Effective for both onset and maintenance of sleep

Question 23

Zaleplon

Answer 23

Z-drug (non-BZD sedative hypnotic)

• Rapid onset of action
• Treat onset of insomnia

Question 24

Zolpidem

Answer 24

Z-drug (non-BZD sedative hypnotic)

• Rapid onset of action
• Treat onset of insomnia

Question 25

Ramelteon

Answer 25

Non-BZD sedative hypnotic - For insomnia - Few side effects - good for use in elderly! - Binds to MT1 and MT2

Question 26

Suvorexant

Answer 26

Orexin antagonist | - Used for insomnia