Anesthetics (i.v and inhaled) Flashcards
Nitrous oxide
Inhaled, gaseous anesthetic
- Gas at room temp
- Low solubility
Enflurane
Inhaled, volatile anesthetic
- Liquid at room temp
- SE: Nephrotoxic, seizures
Isoflurane
Inhaled, volatile anesthetic
- Liquid at room temp
Halothane
Inhaled, volatile anesthetics
- Liquid at room temp
- SE: Hepatotoxic
Treat malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
Propofol
Iv anesthetics - GABAa potentiation
- Induction and maintenance
- Lipophilic => CNS => rapid action
Etomidate
Iv anesthetics - GABAa potentiation
- Induction
- Cardiovascular stability
Ketamine
Iv anesthetics - NMDA inhibition
- Induction
- Dissociative anesthesia
- Cardiovascular stimulation
Benzodiazepines (anesthetics)
Iv anesthetics
- Perioperatively
- Conscious sedation
Barbiturates (anesthetics)
Iv anesthetics
- Induction
- E.g Thiopental - ultra-short
Inhaled anesthetics volatile liquids - ethers
- (Diethylether)
- Enflurane
- Isoflurane
- Desflurane
- Sevoflurane
- Methoxyflurane
Inhaled anesthetics volatile liquids - halogenated hydrocarbons
- Halothane
- (Chloroform)
- (Ethylchloride)
Inhaled anesthetics gases
- Nitrous oxide
- Xenon
Intravenous anesthetics
- Barbiturates (thiopental, thiomylal, methohexital)
- Propofol, fospropofol
- Ketamine
- Etomidate
Iv anesthetics - sedative hypnotics
- BZDs (midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam)
- Alpha2 agonists (dexmedetomidin, clonidine)
Iv anesthetics - opioid analgesics
- Morphine
- Fentanyl
- Sufentonil
- Alfentonil
- Ramifentonil
Inhaled anesthetics with low solubility (<0.5)
- Desflurane
- Nitrous oxide
Metabolites halothane
Liver oxidation => Trifluoroacetic acid
*If low O2 tension => chlorotrifluoroethyl (free radical)
Iv anesthetics with short context-sensitive half-time
- Propofol
- Etomidate
- Ketamine
Neuroleptic anesthesia
Droperidol-fentanyl + N2O
