Sed Formation

Question 1

The process that breaks down rocks into sediments.

Answer 1

Weathering

Question 2

The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice or gravity.

Answer 2

Erosion

Question 3

The transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence of gravity

Answer 3

Mass wasting

Question 4

Unequal weathering due
to the rock’s composition.

Answer 4

Differential weathering

Question 5

The physical breakdown or disintegration of rocks at or near the surface.

Answer 5

Mechanical weathering

Question 6

The chemical breakdown or decomposition of rocks at or near the surface.

Answer 6

Chemical weathering

Question 7

The freeze-thaw action of water trapped within fractures of rocks that cause the expansion and contraction which would eventually disintegrate rocks.

Answer 7

Frost wedging

Question 8

A mode of weathering near coastlines where salt from seawater accumulate and grow through cracks of rocks and fracture them while growing.

Answer 8

Salt groth crystal

Question 9

Rocks that are originally covered and are then exposed are relieved from pressure, causing an unloading action and expansion.

Answer 9

Sheeting or unloading

Question 10

Organisms, such as plants, can burrow their roots through cracks which breaks down the rocks into pieces.

Answer 10

Biological actions

Question 11

The intrusions from beneath the surface induce pressure from below, fracturing the rock mass on the surface.

Answer 11

Intrusions

Question 12

A solution mixture of reactive components specific to rocks.

Answer 12

Solution

Question 13

Chemical breakdown of minerals in rocks due to addition of water.

Answer 13

Hydrolysis

Question 14

Chemical breakdown of minerals in rocks due to exposure to oxygen.

Answer 14

Oxidation

Question 15

The removal of materials or sediments by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice or humans.

Answer 15

Erosion

Question 16

Most effective transport media

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

Sediments rolling along the surface of the bed.

Answer 17

Rolling

Question 18

A series of jumping movement of sediments.

Answer 18

Saltation

Question 19

Sediments suspended in the transporting media.

Answer 19

Suspension

Question 20

The volume of void space in a sedimentary rock.

Answer 20

Porosity

Question 21

Porosity associated with the original depositional texture of the sediment.

Answer 21

Primary porosity

Question 22

Porosity that developed after deposition and burial of the sediment in the sedimentary basin.

Answer 22

Secondary porosity

Question 23

The measure of how much water can move through pore spaces which also describes how water easily flows.

Answer 23

Permeability

Question 24

A property of curve being tortuous, or twisted, having many turns.

Answer 24

Tortousity

Question 25

Occurs when transportation ceases and sediments accumulate on Earth’s surface by collective deposition processes.

Answer 25

Deposition

Question 26

Encompasses a suite of low temperature processes that affect sediments after their accumulation, typically after burial.

Answer 26

Diagenesis

Question 27

A process of lithification that results from the expulsion of intergranular fluids caused by increases in confining pressure during progressively deeper burial.

Answer 27

Compaction

Question 28

A process of lithification that occurs when subsurface fluids precipitate minerals in the spaces between grains that bind or cement grains to one another.

Answer 28

Cementation

Question 29

Early, shallow diagenesis that occurs shortly after burial.

Answer 29

Eodiagenesis

Question 30

Later,
deeper
diagenesis.

Answer 30

Mesodiagenesis

Question 31

Still later,
later,
shallow
diagenesis that occurs as sedimentary rocks approach the surface due to erosion.

Answer 31

Telodiagenesis