Secularisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of secularisation?

A

Wilson - the process whereby religious thinking, practices and institutions lose social significance.

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2
Q

What does religious thinking mean?

A

Refers to the influence of religion oon people’s lives whether they see themselves as a religious person.

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3
Q

What statistic relates to religious thinking?

A

46% of people consider themselves as a Christian.

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4
Q

What does religious practices mean?

A

Refers to things people do to carry out their religious committments.

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5
Q

What statistic relates to religious practices?

A

22% of adults go to religious worship once a month.

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6
Q

What does religious institutions mean?

A

Refers to the extent to which religious institutions are involved in and influence wider society.

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7
Q

What statistic relates to religious institutions?

A

71% of 18-24 year olds have no religion because they feel as though they can’t relate.

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8
Q

What does evidence suggest about religion in the UK? (2)

A

Religious events like marriages have decreased because they are not seen as sacred.
Traditional religions have decreased because there are now alternative ways to religion

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9
Q

What is a bogus baptism?

A

People attend chirch for social reasons like getting their children into school.

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10
Q

What did Hadaway et al’s study show? (3)

A

Studied church attendance in Ohio. They counted attendees in churches and held interviews to ask if people attended church.
The level of attendance claimed in interviews was 83% higher than the researchers had counted in the churches.
This causes social desirability as people wasnt to seem better infront of the interviewer.

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11
Q

What did Bruce argue that there is?

A

Secularisation from within - religious organisations have watered down their views and weakened them. People no longer turn to religion like they used to.

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12
Q

How have religious attitudes changed to show secularisation from within? (4)

A

Sex before marriage
Homosexuality
Divorce
Gender fluidity.

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13
Q

What did Lyon argue?

A

Disneyfication of religion - it has become diluted and simplified. Religious messages have become less seriousas religion associates itself with popular culture.

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14
Q

What is the evaluation of secularisation within the USA? (4)

A

Privatisation of religion - using falling church attendance statistics to support secularisation thesis neglecting ‘believing without belonging’
Secularisation from within neglects the rise of Evangelical Christianity which adopts a literal interpretation of the Bible. (Roe vs. Wade)
There are different forms of religion which allows people to become religious consumers giving them choices.
Civil religion - belief is now whether you are a true American and patriotic based on meritocracy and freedom.

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15
Q

What is disenchantment?

A

People started moving away from religious thinking and moved to scientific thinking instead.

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16
Q

What is structural differentiation?

A

Something in society has changed which caused religion to lose its functions. This is disengaged through a moral decline.

17
Q

What is disengagement?

A

People now look to a technological world view and use scientific explanations to understand certain events. But people turn to religion in times of need.

18
Q

What is religious pluralism?

A

There are now many alternatives, so there are different versions of the truth.
Plausibility structure - challenges idea of religious truth. Turning away from religion altogether.

19
Q

What are arguments against secularisation? (4)

A

Disengagement is overstated. Religion still has a huge influence on society.
UK faith schools must hold qualifications that are recognised by the state and undergo OFSTED inspections.
‘goden age of faith’ - people attended churche because they were scared or social desirability.
Disestablishment: we shouldn’t have a monarchy with a Christian king.