Sections

Question 1

A measurement of the speed of conduction of an electrical impulse through a nerve

Answer 1

Nerve Conduction velocity

Question 2

Mechanism of nerve conduction velocity test

Answer 2

Two electrodes are placed on the nerve:
- One electrode stimulates the nerve with a mild electrical impulse
- Another electrode records the resulting electrical activity
The NCV is then calculated by measuring the distance between the electrodes and the time it takes for electrical impulses to travel between electrodes

Question 3

Factors affecting NCV

Answer 3

• Myelin Sheath (myelinated neurons have higher NCV)
• Diameter (the higher the diameter, the higher the NCV)
• Temperature (The higher the temp, the higher the NCV)

Question 4

A technique widely used for pain relief and refers to the delivery of electrical currents through the skin to activate peripheral nerves

Answer 4

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Question 5

TENS mechanism

Answer 5

Activity in large diameter low threshold mechanoreceptive (touch-related) nerve fibers could inhibit the transmission of action potentials from small diameter higher threshold nociceptive (pain-related) fibers.

Question 6

Most commonly used imaging modalities for visualizing peripheral nerves

Answer 6

Ultrasound and MRI

Question 7

Type of peripheral nerve imaging that allows dynamic imaging

Answer 7

Ultrasound

Question 8

Imaging modalities used in direct structure visualization of CNS

Answer 8

X-ray, CT, MRI

Question 9

Imaging modalities used in recording of metabolic activity of CNS

Answer 9

fMRI, PET scan

Question 10

A system for assessing spinal motion using video x-ray, uses a special motion support platform to optimize alignment and range of motion

Answer 10

VMA (Vertebral Motion Analysis)

Question 11

An imaging modality that provides cross-sectional images of bony and soft tissue elements of the vertebral column, uses an x-ray based on the degree to which a tissue attenuates the x-ray beam (grey scale)

Answer 11

Computed Tomography (CT)

Question 12

Primary imaging method for the vertebral column

Answer 12

MRI

Question 13

The only method to show an intrinsic abnormality of the spinal cord substance

Answer 13

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 14

Imaging modalities that are central to neuroimaging

Answer 14

CT and MRI

Question 15

An imaging modality that is good for diagnosing hemorrhage and calcification, excellent for emergency situations

Answer 15

CT

Question 16

An imaging modality that maps the brain’s white matter tracts (Fiber Tractography)

Answer 16

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Question 17

An imaging modality that is used in studying diseases involving white matter, changes in brain structure with age and for surgical planning

Answer 17

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Question 18

An imaging modality that maps brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow

Answer 18

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Question 19

A functional imaging technique that shows how the brain works by detecting metabolic or chemical activity, rather than just its structure

Answer 19

PET scan

Question 20

Two imaging modalities used in pre-surgical planning

Answer 20

fMRI and DTI

Question 21

Focuses on structural information of white matter

Answer 21

DTI

Question 22

Focuses on functional and metabolic information of the brain

Answer 22

fMRI

Question 23

Most used imaging modality for cranial nerve evaluation

Answer 23

• MRI
• CT
• High-resolution ultrasound (for superficial nerves)

Question 24

Used for assessing electrical activity of the brain

Answer 24

• EEG
• EC0G
• Single-neuron recordings