Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Lec 5: Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Lec 5: Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Basic structures of musculoskeletal system

A
  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Muscles
  • Nerve Supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The bones along the longitudinal axis of the body that support the head, neck and trunk

A

Axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The bones of the upper and lower limbs

A

Appendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mechanical functions of bone

A
  • Providing support for the body against external forces
  • Acting as a lever system to transfer forces
  • Protection for vital organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physiological functions of bone

A
  • Hematopoiesis (forming blood cells)
  • Mineral homeostasis (storing calcium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bones that act as levers and transmit longitudinal forces

A

Femur, tibia, radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bones that provide strength and transmit longitudinal forces

A

Carpal bones, tarsal bones (wrist and ankle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bones that provide protection and are points of muscle and ligaments attachments

A

Sternum, ribs, skull, scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A bone that improves mechanical leverage of the knee

A

Patella (sesamoid bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type of bones that make up about 80% of the bones of the human body, their basic structural unit is the haversian system (osteon), mostly form all long bones, stiff and brittle

A

Compact bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type of bones that constitute 20% of the body bones, their functional unit is trabeculaes, have several pores that are filled with nerves and blood vessels, compliant and ductile

A

Spongy/cancellous bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Joint function

A
  • Facilitating movement
  • Sensing position and movement
  • Providing stability
  • Shock absorption
  • Supporting weight and force transfer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Structures of the joint that help in shock absorption

A

Cartilage and synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the positions of these bones:
- Femur
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Tibia
- Scapula

A
  • Thigh bone
  • Upper arm bone
  • One of the forearm bones
  • Shinbone
  • Shoulder blade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Structural classification of joints

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A joint where the articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly connected, but instead meet each other within a joint cavity that is filled with a lubricating fluid, is the most common joint of the body

A

Synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Joints that are present in skull sutures, teeth, ulna and radius connection

A

Fibrous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Joints that are present in pelvis and epiphyseal plate (responsible for growth)

A

Cartilaginous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Functional classification of joints

A
  • Synarthrosis joint
  • Amphiarthrosis joint
  • Diarthrosis joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Immobile joints

A

Synarthrosis (fibrous and cartilaginous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Slightly movable joints

A

Amphiarthrosis (fibrous and cartilaginous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Diarthrosis (synovial joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uniaxial joint in the body (flexion/extension)

A

Elbow

24
Q

Biaxial joints in the body (flexion/extension & abduction/adduction)

A

Joints connecting fingers and hand

25
Q

Triaxial joint in body (flexion/extension & abduction/adduction & medial/lateral rotation)

A

Shoulder and hip (ball-and-socket joints)

26
Q

A type of diarthrotic joints that allow movement in one plane usually flexion and extension

A

Hinge (elbow, ankle, knee)

27
Q

A diarthrotic joint that is characterized by opposing articular surfaces with a reciprocal concave-convex shape, 2 DOF, present in thumb

A

Saddle joint

28
Q

A diarthrotic joint that allows for rotation only

A

Pivot joint

29
Q

A diarthrotic joint that contains a convex surface which articulates with a concave elliptical cavity, similar to ball-and-socket but with no rotation (2 DOF), present in wrist

A

Condyloid/ellipsoid joint (e.g. wrist joint)

30
Q

Joints that have 1 DOF

A
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
  • Plane
31
Q

Joints that have 2 DOF

A
  • Saddle
  • Ellipsoid
32
Q

A thick fluid that provides lubrication between bones of joint, provides nourishment to the articular cartilage which doesn’t contain blood vessels

A

Synovial fluid

33
Q

A type of cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface at each bone, also helps in shock absorption, and weight transfer

A

Hyaline cartilage

34
Q

A fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone, allows for normal movements but limit the range of motion, preventing excessive or abnormal joint movements

A

Ligaments (الأربطة)

35
Q

A connective tissue that attaches a muscle to bone and provides and additional joint support

A

Tendon (الأوتار)

36
Q

Most common cartilage found in the body

A

Hyaline cartilage

37
Q

Strongest cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage

38
Q

Least common cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage

39
Q

Mature cells found in the extracellular matrix in cartilage and is responsible for maintenance of ECM

A

Chondrocytes (fibrochondrocytes in fibrocartilage)

40
Q

Cartilage components that provide a flexible tissue that can resist compressive stresses

A

ECM, collagen and ground substance

41
Q

Part of the cartilage which contributes to load transfer

A

Collagen (has tensile strength)

42
Q

Cartilage present in joint surfaces, the ribs, nose, larynx, trachea, responsible for weight transfer and reducing friction

A

Hyaline cartilage

43
Q

Cartilage present in intervertebral discs, ligaments, fibrous joints, usually a transitional layer between hyaline cartilage and tendon, increase congruence (shape fitting)

A

Fibrocartilage

44
Q

Cartilage present in the external ear, epiglottis, and larynx, provides strength and maintains the shape of certain structures

A

Elastic cartilage

45
Q

Forces encountered by hyaline cartilage

A
  • Compressive
  • Tensile
  • Shear
46
Q

A type of fibrocartilage that minimizes friction between bone and tendon

A

Stratiform Fibrocartilage

47
Q

A type of fibrocartilage found in intervertebral discs, increases shock absorption and transmits load

A

Connecting fibrocartilage

48
Q

A type of fibrocartilage found in the menisci of the knee, acts as thrust pads and helps prevent instability of the joints

A

Intra-articular fibrocartilage

49
Q

A part of the musculoskeletal system which has high resilience and acts like a biological spring

A

Tendons

50
Q

A mechanism where energy is initially absorbed by the tendon during a brief and rapid event, followed by a relatively slow flow of energy from the tendon to the muscle

A

Tendon buffering mechanism

51
Q

A part of the musculoskeletal system that acts as a joint stabilizer (requires no metabolic energy)

A

Ligaments

52
Q

Which is less elastic tendon or ligaments

A

Tendon is less elastic (more rigid) for force transmission while ligament is more elastic to allow joint flexibility and prevent dislocations

53
Q

A type of bone that is involved in the dynamic process of formation and breakdown of bone (bone remodeling)

A

Trabecular bone

54
Q

Bone cells that play a crucial role in liberating minerals and other molecules stored in the bone matrix

A

Osteclasts

55
Q

Bone cells responsible for the formation of new bone tissue by secreting osteoid which is composed of collagen and ground substance

A

Osteoblasts

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions