Section one Pipe Data Flashcards
What is the most commonly used pipe in industry?
Carbon pipe/steel pipe.
Why is carbon pipe/steel pipe commonly preferred?
Because of its high temperature and pressure ratings, ease of joining and overall durability.
What is type F pipe?
Furnace butt welded or continuous welded pipe.
What is type E pipe?
Electric resistance welded pipe.
What is type S pipe?
Seamless pipe.
What method of manufacture pipe has replaced lap welding pipe?
Electric resistance (type E).
What two types of pipe are made by shaping rolls of coiled steel called “skelp”?
Type F and Type E.
In electric resistance welding, the heat is generated by:
The steel’s resistance to an electrical current that is passed through the edges to be welded.
In electric resistance welding, the edges of the skelp used to form the pipes are:
Fused together by pressure and heat without the addition of filler metal.
In the continuous butt welding process, skelp is first heated in a skelp heating furnace to a welding temperature of approximately:
2300F (1260C)
What are the two common methods of producing seamless pipe?
1) Hot rotary piercing
2) Extrusion process method
What is the extrusion process method for seamless pipe?
Hot billets of metal are formed into seamless pipe by forcing the billets through an extrusion die and over a forming mandrel
What is the rotary piercing method for seamless pipe?
Heavy rollers rotate and advance hot billets of metal over a mandrel or piercing plug.
In seamless pipe what is the more common method of manufacture?
Hot rotary piercing.
In addition to type F type E and type S steel pipe, the two methods of manufacturing for larger sized pipe are what?
The straight seam method and the spiral method.
The straight seam method of manufacture for larger pipe is done by:
Forming skelp into a cylindrical shape and sub arc welding along the seam.
The spiral seam method of manufacture for larger pipe is done by:
Spiraling scalp into a cylindrical shape and then welded along the spiral seam.
What is skelp?
Steel plate to be formed into pipe.
Many of the standards and specifications for pipe correspond between:
Countries and/or agencies
What six things do the standards and/or specifications for pipe indicate?
Grade designations Intended use Testing practices Manufacturing methods Chemical properties Various physical characteristics.
What are the most common grades of steel pipe?
Grade A and B and the less common grade C.
Of grade A, B and C pipe which one has the greater tensile strength? Why?
Grade B, because of its greater carbon content.
What application is grade A pipe preferred for? Why?
Close coiling or cold bending of pipe, because of its lower carbon content which makes it more ductile and less brittle.
Steel pipe is produced in three weights or general wall thickness classifications. What are those classifications?
- Standard (STD)
- extra strong (XS) or extra heavy (XH)
- double extra strong (XXS) or double extra heavy (XXH)
True or false: Designations of strong and heavy are interchangeable in weight classifications.
True
Light wall, light weight or light gage pipe, as it may be referred to, is another weight classification sometimes given to steel pipe. What application would you see this pipe in?
Used extensively in many sprinkler installations and other applications were thinner wall pipe may be preferred.
Light wall pipe designations are what schedule number for steel pipe in most sizes?
Schedule 10.
What does the weight classification of pipe denote? (Schedule number)
The wall thickness of the pipe.
For any pipe size the outside diameter is constant and the inside diameter varies with the wall thickness. Do pipe dies and fittings therefore remain the same for specific sizes of pipe no matter what the weight?
Yes.
We hear the term nominal pipe size a lot define nominal.
A quantity or dimension not necessarily corresponding exactly to the real value (measurement)
Nominal pipe sizes are referred to as what abbreviation?
(NPS)
Because of the variation in inside diameter, Pipe sizes from 1/8 of an inch to 12 inches are designated by what?
Nominal inside diameter (ID) not by the actual inside diameter
Pipe sizes over 12 inches are classified by what?
Actual outside diameter (OD).
What does the schedule number determine?
Wall thickness.
Pipe is commonly available at what schedule numbers.
10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160.
Some schedule numbers and weight classifications of steel pipe have the same wall thickness. Wall thickness for standard weight pipe schedule 40 are the same for what sizes?
1/8 of an inch through to 10 inches
All standard weight pipe sizes over 10 inches have a constant wall thickness of what?
3/8 of an inch.
Schedule 40 pipe has a wall thickness that varies depending upon the particular size over what size in inches?
Over 10 inches.
Pipe sizes up to 8 inches in extra heavy and schedule 80 have identical what?
Dimensions.
With extra heavy pipe over 8 inches there is a constant wall thickness of what?
1/2 inch.
The wall thickness for schedule 80 pipe varies depending on:
Size.
Is there an exact corresponding schedule number for double extra heavy pipe?
No.
Generally double extra heavy pipe up to 6 inches has a thicker wall then schedule 160 pipe however in sizes over 6 inches NPS schedule number 160 becomes what?
The thicker size.
Carbon steel pipe is commercially available in nominal pipe sizes ranging from:
1/8 of an inch through to 42 inches.
Generally steel pipe when specified is supplied in what Length.
21 ft. Also available in random lengths, 16 ft to 22 ft.
The end of the pipe are commercially available in the following end finishes:
- threaded and coupled
- threaded without couplings
- plain and – cut Square
- beveled for welding - 30° bevel with a 1/16 land
- grooved and – cut or rolled for mechanical coupling’s
The unprotected end of threaded pipe is supplied with what?
A thread protector.
Standard weight pipe 2 inches and under are parallel threaded. For extra strong and double extra strong pipe threads are what?
Taper threaded.
What are the three groups in the IPT’s pipe trades handbook that show examples of typical pipe markings?
The American society for testing and materials (ASTM)
American petroleum Institute (API)
The Canadian standards Association (CSA)
The standard finish given to steel pipe is what and for what purpose?
A lacquer coating that is intended to prevent corrosion in transit.
Other than lacquer pipe finish there are four common surface finishes what are they?
- bare metal
- pickled only
- pickled and oiled
- galvanized
What is galvanized pipe?
Carbon steel pipe coated with zinc both on the inside and outside
The standard weight of zinc applied to the pipe is a minimum average of:
1.8 ounces of zinc per square foot
Corrosion protective/lined and coated pipe, are to enhance pipes what?
Corrosion resistance and to modify flow characteristics
What is stainless steel pipe made of and what characteristic does it add?
Chromium and nickel which are added to Steele to give it a high resistance to corrosion and heat.
What percentage of chromium and nickel are added to steal to make certain types of stainless steel pipe?
- chromium 4%-27%
* nickel 0%-22%
The majority of stainless steel pipe is made from Austenitic stainless steel which provides:
Maximum corrosion resistance, strength and ductility
Of he two most common series of stainless steel pipe 300 series and 400 series, which is magnetic and which is non-magnetic?
- 300 non-magnetic
* 400 magnetic
Wall thickness dimensions for stainless steel pipe, as a rule coincide to steel pipe dimensions however there are some exceptions what are these exceptions?
12 inch schedule 40S, 10 and 12 inch schedule 80S, Have slightly thinner wall thicknesses then their corresponding sizes in scheduled pipe.
Copper and copper alloy pipe offer excellent resistance to corrosion in:
Potable and non-potable water piping, boiler feed water lines, and other similar systems.
Red brass has a chemical composition of approximately:
84% to 86% copper with the remainder of the Ally being zinc.
Both copper and red brass pipe are produced in two general weights or wall thickness classifications. What are they?
- Regular weight
* extra strong weight
Cast iron pipe is an iron Ally containing between what percentage of carbon and approximately what percentage of silicon?
2% to 4% carbon
1% to 3% silicon
Cast-iron pipe is accomplished by pouring molten hot iron Ally into either a ______ or into the more commonly used ______.
Stationary mold form
Centrifugal mold (more common)
The four principal types of cast iron available for a pipe and fittings manufacturing are:
- Ductile iron
- Grey cast iron
- Malleable iron
- white cast iron.
The two major cast iron pipe classifications are:
- cast iron pressure pipe.
* cast iron soil pipe.
Cast iron pressure pipe was commonly used for carrying what medium and is being rapidly replaced by what types of pipe?
Gas, water and other liquids services under pressure.
Is being rapidly replaced by various types of plastic pipe.
What does the addition of magnesium to molten cast iron pipe do?
Changes most of the free carbon into a modular form which gives it added strength while still having the corrosion resistance of cast-iron
Pressure cast-iron can be specified by what?
Weight, class, wall thickness and/or pressure rating.
The majority of pressure cast iron is intended for what service? (Location of the pipe)
Underground (subterranean)
Due to building code regulations, cast iron soil pipe is commonly used in commercial buildings for DWV. What is the suffix DWV?
Drainage, waste and vent.
What are the three styles of cast-iron soil pipe?
Single hub, double hub and hubless
Sizes for cast-iron soil pipe range from:
2 inches to 15 inches nominal inside diameter for all sizes.
Cast iron soil pipe and fittings can be manufactured with a special high silicon composition that is it often referred to as? What is a typical use for this pipe?
Duriron. This type of pipe is typically used for laboratory drainage and waste.
The silicon in soil cast iron pipe makes up approximately?
14.2% to 14.75% Of the chemical composition.
Plastic pipe can be divided into two separate material categories. What are they?
- Thermoplastic
* Thermoset
Thermoplastic material has a unique ability to?
Be repeatedly heated to a liquid state cooled and reformed without any chemical change to the plastic.
When thermoplastics are heated it becomes what? With a decrease in what? and what?
Soft with a decrease in working pressure and tensile strength.
When thermoplastics are cold it becomes what? and what? with a decrease in what?
Hard and brittle with a decrease in its impact resistance.
There are seven, common plastic piping materials that are classified as thermoplastics. What are they?
- Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
- Polybutylene (PB)
- polyethylene (PE)
- polypropylene (PP)
- Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
Thermoset plastic ones cured cannot be what? Without effecting what?
Cannot be reheated without effecting the chemical make up of the plastic.
Plastic pipe made from Thermoset material is:
Permanently rigid and encompasses all reinforced thermosetting resin pipes (RTRP)
(RTRP) is often referred to as what? Or what?
Fibreglass pipe or fibreglass reinforced pipe (FRP)
The following are examples of thermoset plastic pipe:
- Glass reinforced epoxy
- Glass reinforced polyester
- Glass reinforced vinylestes
- Glass reinforced furan
In addition to the two separate material categories for plastic pipe, there’s a third type what is it?
Combines a thermoplastic liner with a thermoset outer structure this pipe is referred to as dual laminated (DL)
Metals can also be used with plastic pipe to improve physical properties. Explain how these properties are achieved.
Plastic metal composition pipe uses a metal core laminated between interior and exterior layers of thermoplastic. It has the durability of plastic and the strength of metal.
What is ABS pipe mostly used for?
Drainage, waste and vent (DWV). It does have limited use and well casing, electrical and communication conduit and industrial chemical services.
ABS pipe has a maximum operating temperature of:
180 degrees F (82 degrees C).
PVC pipe is the most widely used type of plastic pipe material with use in:
DWV; building sewers; well casing; irrigation systems; chilled water piping; industrial applications; water service and transmission lines
PVC pipe has a maximum operating temperature of:
140 degrees F (60 degrees C)
What methods of joining can be used for PVC pipe?
Solvent cementing, oh rings, threading, groove joints and flanging.
CPVC pipe applications include:
Hot and cold water distribution, sprinkler systems (UL & FM Approved), industrial applications and first service is requiring higher temperature than PVC.
CPVC pipe has a maximum operating temperature of:
210 degrees F (99 degrees C)
PP is used in:
Industrial applications, laboratory waste and pure water systems.
The methods of joining polypropylene are:
Butt and socket heat fusion, electrical resistance heat fusion and mechanical couplings.
PB Applications include:
Hot and cold water distribution, hydronic heating, industrial applications and sprinkler systems (UL & FM approved).
The methods of joining PB are:
Butt and socket heat fusion, O-rings, Insert fittings, crimped joints, threaded and flanged.
Polyvinyldine fluoride is used and what service?
And highly corrosive and chemical services including: wet and dry chloride, bromine, pure water and halogens.
Thermoset plastic pipe is used and what application?
Used in all types of industrial and commercial applications.
Solvent cementing is the most common method used for joining what thermoplastics?
(ABS) (PVC) and (CPVC)
Of the thermoplastic pipes that use solventcement which one does not require primer?
ABS.
When threading plastic pipe use only schedule number______ or heavier and after threading the pressure rating must be reduced by what percent?
Schedule 80
50%
