Section Four Fittings

Question 1

What are pipe fittings for?

Answer 1

They make assembly of equipment, valves, and pipe into functioning pipe systems.

Question 2

Fittings are manufactured to perform one or more of the following functions:

Answer 2

Change direction of piping in the system. Connect or join piping and or equipment. Provide for branches, access, take offs or auxiliary connections. Block or regulate flow within piping or equipment.

Question 3

Fittings that change direction in the piping system are generally referred to as what?

Answer 3

Elbows.

Question 4

How is the direction change in elbows determined?

Answer 4

Degrees or fraction of a circle.

Question 5

What are the common degrees used in elbows?

Answer 5

22.5, 45, 60, 90.

Question 6

Cast iron soil fittings are referred to in fractions of a circle such as:

Answer 6

1/4, 1/8, 1/16, etc.

Question 7

Elbows are designated by the angle or degree of change they make relative to a circle. Angles for elbows range from:

Answer 7

11 1/4 through 180 degrees.

Question 8

90° long radius elbow is calculated how?

90° reducing long is calculated how?

Answer 8

1. 5 times NPS.

1. 5 times largest NPS.

Question 9

Long radius return (180*) bend is calculated how?

90° short radius elbow is calculated how?

Answer 9

3 times NPS.

1 times NPS.

Question 10

45° long radius elbow is calculated how?

Answer 10

5/8 times NPS.

Question 11

45° long radius elbow alternative formula is done how and is accurate between what sizes?

Calculate for 4 inch 45° elbow!

Answer 11

Divide the NPS four times starting with the actual NPS.

4
2
1
1/2

Then add the bottom answer and the third from the top. 2+1/2=2-1/2”

Question 12

What are unions generally used for?

Answer 12

For ease of dismantling pipe systems generally for maintenance purposes.

Question 13

Unions are available in many styles but generally are classified as what two types?

Answer 13

Ground joint. Gasket type.

Question 14

What do you gasket unions require?

Answer 14

A gasket or washer to seal between the two Union parts.

Question 15

Ground joint unions rely on what to seal between the two union parts?

Answer 15

Ground metal join.

Question 16

Describe how to install a union with the correct direction of flow.

Answer 16

Unions come into parts. One part is concaved the other is convex. The direction of flow always comes from the convexed end.

Question 17

How are couplings used in a pipe system?

Answer 17

To join two pieces of pipe the same size or different sizes together in a straight line.

Question 18

Threaded couplings as a rule are supplied with right-handed threads on both ends however there is an exception what is it?

Answer 18

Couplings can be supplied with special right/left hand thread’s.

Question 19

Threaded and non-threaded couplings are supplied in both:

Answer 19

Straight. Reducing.

Question 20

Reducing couplings are manufactured in either ______ or ______ configurations.

Answer 20

Concentric. Eccentric.

Question 21

Of concentric and eccentric couplings which shares a common centerline?

Answer 21

Concentric.

Question 22

How should an eccentric coupling be installed for a water system and how should it be installed for a steam system?

Answer 22

Steam: flat side down.
Water: flat side up.

Question 23

Tee’s, Wyes, and Crosses. These fittings provide branches for:

Answer 23

Branches. Take offs and/or auxiliary connections.

Question 24

When ordering or identifying Tee’s, Wyes and crosses, The size of what is referred to first?

Answer 24

The run (Largest opening). Size is Determined by largest to smallest of openings.

Question 25

For common styles of tapered threaded fittings are:

Answer 25

Malleable iron 150 and 300.
Forged steel 2000 3000 and 6000.
Cast iron 125 and 250.
Cast iron drainage fittings.

Question 26

Cast-iron threaded drainage fittings are designed for what?

Answer 26

Gravity flow drainage systems and not intended for pressurized applications.

Question 27

Fittings are available in two different styles of welded joints what are they?

Answer 27

Butt Weld. Socket weld.

Question 28

Of socket weld and butt weld which of the two is most commonly used for 2 inch and higher?

Answer 28

Butt welded.

Question 29

Before disassembling Grooved fitting assemblies what should be done?

Answer 29

All pressure must be relieved from the system.

Question 30

The flare less mechanical grip fitting is the type of tube fitting use most often in modern day industry. These fittings use either:

Answer 30

Single Ferrell or double Ferrell arrangement. To connect and seal together the tubing and fitting.

Question 31

It is customary when specifying a type of tube fitting to designate the fitting in the following order:

Answer 31

1 fitting material.
2 tube size in outside diameter.
3 tube thread size.
4 fitting standard name.

Question 32

For Swagelok tube fitting assembly the order of steps is done how?

Answer 32

1. Insert the tubing into the fitting all the way and ensure the nut his finger tight.
2. Before tightening the nut scribe the nut at the 6 o’clock position.
3. While holding the fitting body with a back up branch tighten the nut.