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Dcjjdnduebrhd Da > Section IV: Art, Technology, and the Advent of Global Trade > Flashcards

Section IV: Art, Technology, and the Advent of Global Trade Flashcards

1
Q

Where were compasses invented?

A

China

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2
Q

What method of navigation did compasses replace?

A

astronomical methods

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3
Q

What time period did the compass ignite?

A

the Age of Discovery

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4
Q

What was the Age of Discovery?

A

a time when almost every European major power sent explorers to claim new lands

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5
Q

When was the Age of Discovery?

A

1492 to 1565

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6
Q

Venetian glass required imported materials from which countries?

A

Syria and Egypt

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7
Q

Where was lapis lazuli found?

A

Afghanistan

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8
Q

Which group of people were the earliest printers?

A

the Sumerians

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9
Q

Which people invented paper and when?

A

the Chinese, second-century

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10
Q

Who wrote Nung Shu?

A

Wang Chen

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11
Q

What was the world’s first mass-produced book?

A

Nung Shu

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12
Q

How many Guttenburg presses were in Germany by 1500?

A

over a thousand

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13
Q

In 1600, how many books had the Guttenburg presses in Europe made?

A

over 200 million

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14
Q

What is a matrix?

A

a technique that was made to make multiple copies of the same picture from a slab of wood or metal

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15
Q

What is a woodcut?

A

a design carved into a wood block with chisels, gouges, or knives

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16
Q

What is the earliest method of printmaking?

A

woodblock prints or woodcuts

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17
Q

What is a burin?

A

a steel shaft with a diamond shaped tip use to engrave

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18
Q

Who made Melencolia I?

A

Albrecht Durer

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19
Q

When was Melenolia I made?

A

1514

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20
Q

Where was Durer born?

A

the Franconian city of Nuremberg

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21
Q

Which people helped Durer market his art?

A

his wife, mother, and his agent

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22
Q

When did Durer file his first artistic copyright?

A

1506

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23
Q

What is Melencolia I?

A

a spiritual self-portrait of Durer

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24
Q

What is stipple engraving?

A

designs made by small dots engraved on the metal surface of the matrix

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25
Who made The Annunciation?
Fra Filippo Lippi
26
When was The Annunciation made?
1450-1453
27
What is a lunette?
a semi-circular wood panel
28
The Annunciation depicts which figure?
the Virgin Mary
29
Who made Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes?
Artemisia Gentileschi
30
When was the Judith painting made?
1623-1625
31
Where had the artistic center of Europe moved from and to?
it moved from Florence to Rome
32
What artistic style is mostly associated with the 17th century?
the Baroque
33
What language and word does Baroque come from?
it comes from the Portuguese word barroco
34
What does barroco mean?
irregular pearl
35
Who trained Gentileschi to be an artist when she was young?
her artistic father
36
What was special about Gentileschi's paintings?
They looked extremely realistic
37
38
Where did the characters Judith and Holfernes from the painting Judith and Her Maidservant... come from?
the Bible's Old Testament
39
What is tenebrism?
a strong use of contrasting light and dark in a painting
40
Who was Gentileschi r***ed by who she was young?
her art teacher Agostino Tassi
41
What happened to Tassi after he r***ed Gentileschi?
there was a public trial and he was found guilty, his punishment was being banished from Rome
42
After bronze, what is the oldest manmade material?
glass
43
Where is cristallo glass made?
Venice, Italy
44
45
What is "rock crystal" in Italian?
rocca di cristallo
46
At the dawn of the Renaissance, what was one of the richest states in Italy?
Venice
47
What other areas had relations with Venice and traded with them a lot?
Persia and the Byzantine Empire
48
Who discovered the process for making cristallo?
Angelo Barovier
49
When was the process for making cristallo discovered?
around 1450
50
What was glass like before the invention of cristallo glass?
glass was typically thick with a yellow or greenish color
51
Where was glassmaking restricted to starting in 1291?
glass could only have been made on the Island of Murano because of laws restricting it from being made anywhere else
52
What were the 4 ingredients of making cristallo glass?
a former, flux, stabilizer, and decolorizer
53
54
What is silica?
a hard, unreactive, colorless compound that occurs as the mineral quartz
55
56
Where was silica imported from?
the Ticino and Adige Rivers of mainland Italy
57
What was the flux for?
lowering the melting point of the silica
58
What was flux found as?
a special ash plan called allume catina
59
What countries were flux imported from?
Syria and Egypt
60
When did Venice start importing flux?
1285
61
What were the ingredients most likely used in the stabilizers?
alumina, lime, and magnesia
62
What was the compound used for the decolorizer?
manganese dioxide
63
Where was the decolorizer collected from?
the Piemonte region of Italy
64
How far was the Piemonte region of Italy from Venice?
250 miles
65
Which royal family wanted the Behaim Beaker to be made?
the Behaim family of Nuremburg, Germany
66
Approximately when was the Behaim Beaker made?
1495
67
Why was the Behaim Beaker made?
it was made to celebrate the marriage of Michael IV Behaim and Katharina Locherin
68
When were Behaim and Locherin married?
June 7, 1495
69
How far did the custom-made Behaim Beaker travel to reach Nuremburg?
over 375 miles
70
In the Benin Plaque with Oba, what was the head-to-body ratio?
1:4
71
What is high relief?
forms on the higher end of the surface of an artwork
72
What is low relief?
forms on the lower end of the surface of an artwork

Dcjjdnduebrhd Da (6 decks)

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