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SKILLED TRADES EXAM > SECTION G > Flashcards

SECTION G Flashcards

1
Q

five factors of soil formation

A

parent material
climate
biota
topography
time
(parents can be tactful teachers)

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2
Q

colluvial deposits

A

formed from weathered material transported by gravity

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3
Q

alluvial materials

A

sediments transported by rivers and streams

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4
Q

glacial deposits

A

form of glacial till are the underlying material of most of the forests soil

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5
Q

eolian parent material

A

loess (fine wind deposited silt) and cover sands

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6
Q

marine deposits

A

fine silts and clays deposited on ocean floor

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7
Q

lacustrine deposits

A

materials that are deposited in lakes

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8
Q

ABC horizons

A

a- rotting plants/finely decomposed rock
b- decomposed rock/some rotting plants at top of layer
c- slightly altered parent material

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9
Q

direct consequences of soil compaction

A

degraded soil structure
impaired root growth
slower water infiltration
poor aeration
reduced drainage
reduced macrofauna

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10
Q

indirect consequences of soil compaction

A

nutrient deficiencies
drought
susceptibility to root rot
increased soil erosion

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11
Q

how to promote beneficial soil organisms

A

adding compost
adding manure
managing plant waste residues
not working soil when wet
inter-row seeding
cover cropping

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12
Q

primary consumers

A

actinomycetes, fungi, and bacteria

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13
Q

secondary consumers

A

herbivores
i.e. flies/larvae, dipterans, springtails, mites, earthworms, snails/slugs, sowbugs, millipedes

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14
Q

tertiary consumers

A

carnivores
i.e. ants, groundbeetles, centipedes, predatory mites, pseudo-scorpians

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15
Q

3 step nutrient absorbtion from roots

A
  1. nutrient ions transported thru soil to root surface
  2. root surface removes and absorbs available ions
  3. root distributes absorbed nutrients to the rest of plant
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16
Q

nitrogen soil conditions

A

low organic matter = low N
course texture = easily leeched of N
frequently flooded soils = denitrification

17
Q

phosphorus soil conditions

A

P immobilized when high ph/low ph
coarse texture = inherently low P, poor P retention
low temp decreases P availability

18
Q

potassium soil conditions

A

coarse texture = leeched of K
organic soils are low in K
excess Ca, Mg, Na will decrease K uptake

19
Q

sulphur soil conditions

A

coarse texture = leeched of S
low organic matter = low S
s persists in seawater soils

20
Q

calcium soil conditions

A

Ca easily leeched in acidic/coarse soils
excess K and Na decrease Ca uptake

21
Q

magnesium soil conditions

A

Mg is often deficient in organic soils
low pH and excess K, Ca, Na decrease Mg uptake

22
Q

iron soil conditions

A

most available in acidic soil
excess nutrients depress Fe
nitrates in soil can reduce Fe uptake
calcium rich soil is Fe deficient

23
Q

manganese soil conditions

A

Mn deficient in alkaline soils
high other nutrients can lower Mn uptake
Mn can be immobilized in organic soil

24
Q

copper soil conditions

A

CU deficienccy common in alkaline soils
applications of N can supress Cu uptake

25
Q

zinc soil conditions

A

high P levels in alkaline soils can induce Zn deficiency
root bound plants can be Zn deficient

26
Q

boron soil conditions

A

high pH can reduce availability
easily leeched in highly irrigated areas

27
Q

molybdenum soil conditions

A

Mo becomes less available w/ decreased pH
deficiencies common in acidic, coarse soils

28
Q

water retention practices

A

rain barrels
infiltration trenches
bioswales
bioretention cells
rain gardens
green roofs
permeable surfacing
downspout disconnect
stormwater ponds

29
Q

conservation

A

appropriate use and management of natural resources to meet human needs now and in the future

30
Q

preservation

A

actions that maintain the present conditions of the earth, particularly of existing natural areas

31
Q

protection

A

any activity to maintain the quality of a natural environment, particularly in the areas of damage and pollution prevention

32
Q

reclamation

A

the process of turning disturbed land into a productive or other desired state

33
Q

restoration

A

the process of assisting an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed

34
Q

remediation

A

removal of pollution or contaminants from soil, water, and other media

35
Q

sustainability

A

interacting with the environment in a way that meets current needs (food, water, fuel, air, shelter, enjoyment) but doesn’t jeopardize the needs of future populations

SKILLED TRADES EXAM (5 decks)

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