Section E - Cognitive & Behavioural Therapies & REBT

Question 1

What are the ‘ABC’s’ of Rational Emotive Therapy?

Answer 1

Activating event -> underlying Belief -> emotional Consequence

Question 2

What do you do in Dr. David Burns exercise for tracking cognitive distortions?

Answer 2

1. Recognize an automatic thought
2. Identify what the cognitive distortion is
3. Look for more rational, possible responses/explanations

Question 3

What are four commonly used Cognitive-Behavioural techniques?

Answer 3

1. Thought stopping and thought switching
2. Systematic desensitization
3. CHEAP BFV analysis
4. Cognitive activation

Question 4

What is the CBT technique, thought stopping or thought switching?

Answer 4

Instructing a client to wear a rubber band on their wrist and to ‘snap’ it when they recognize they are having a cognitive distortion as a reminder to replace it with a positive thought.

Question 5

What is the CBT technique, Systematic Desensitization?

Answer 5

After creating a hierarchy of levels of stress (5 SUDS difference per level), work through the hierarchy with the client, pairing it with relaxation exercises.

Question 6

What does the CBT technique, CHEAP BFV Analysis stand for?

Answer 6

C- review Concerns
H- Hopes
E - Expectations
A - Assumptions
P - Perceptions
B - Beliefs
F - Fears
V - Values
* use to work out 'stalemates'

Question 7

What is the CBT technique, Cognitive Activation?

Answer 7

Having a client focus on a cognitive task while engaging in a traumatic activity.

Question 8

What are the 10 Cognitive Distortions in CBT?

Answer 8

SCAMMED POJ

1. Should statements
2. Castastrophizing or minimizing
3. All-or-nothing
4. Mislabelling and labelling
5. Mental filter
6. Emotional Reasoning
7. Disqualifying the positive
8. Personalization
9. Overgeneralization
10. Jumping to conclusions

Question 9

What is the ‘Miracle Question’ in solution-focused therapy?

Answer 9

“What if you went to sleep and a miracle happened and all the problems that have brought you here were gone? Except, you were sleeping, so you don’t know it has happened. Once you wake up, how would you realize that this has happened?”

Question 10

In which situations is it appropriate to use Brief Solution-focussed Therapy?

Answer 10

1. Bright, psych-minded clients with good ego strength and little dissociation
2. When you only have a few sessions
3. Deeply disturbed clients who can’t handle ‘power therapies’

Question 11

In solution-focussed therapies, what are the guidelines for well-formed goals?

Answer 11

1. Specific, concrete & measurable
2. Realistic & achievable
3. Seen as ‘hard work’ by the client
4. Small
5. Is described positively
6. Salient to client and therapist
7. Has contextual/situational features

Question 12

What are the major tenets of solution focussed therapy?

Answer 12

1. A focus on the positive, solutions and the future facilitates positive change
2. Exceptions to problems suggest solutions
3. Clients are the experts

Question 13

What are ‘scaling questions’ useful for in solution-focussed therapy?

Answer 13

Assessing progress, confidence, hopefulness, self-esteem, pre-session change and investment in a relationship

Question 14

What are 4 general guidelines for solution-focussed therapy?

Answer 14

1. Use the client’s language
2. Emphasize ‘goodness’ of coming to therapy
3. Compliment the client
4. Use ‘bridging statements’ when providing suggestions

Question 15

What are four things to listen for when doing goal identification, maintenance and follow up in solution focussed therapy?

Answer 15

1. Successes and strengths
2. Exceptions to the problem
3. Clues to solutions
4. Things that are already working
5. The Big Goal

Question 16

In what situations is it appropriate to use Behavior Therapy and Applied Behavioural Analysis?

Answer 16

1. Any behaviour change with children
2. Most fears & phobias
3. Some couples issues that require behaviour change

Question 17

In Behaviour Analysis, what is Operant Behaviour?

Answer 17

Any event int he client’s current repertoire of activity. e.g.. startle response

Question 18

In Behaviour Analysis, what are Discriminative Stimuli?

Answer 18

Any temporarily contiguous phenomena that precede the Operant behaviour in the immediate environment.

Question 19

What are the main components of behaviour analysis

Answer 19

Discriminative Stimuli –>
Operant behaviour –>
Reinforcers (positive or negative) & Punishments

Question 20

In Behaviour Analysis, what is Negative Reinforcement?

Answer 20

Any event following an operant behaviour which provides relief from, or prevents, pain or discomfort.

Question 21

In Behaviour Analysis, what is Punishment?

Answer 21

When an aversive event follows operant behaviour.

*Not the same as Negative Reinforcement

Question 22

In Behaviour Analysis, what is Positive Reinforcement?

Answer 22

Any neutral or pleasurable event following an Operant Behavior that increases the frequency and/or intensity of the Operant Behavior.

Question 23

How do many fears and phobias develop?

Answer 23

Association with neutral stimuli followed by punishment (aversive consequences) for exhibiting the Operant Behaviour. There after, the client becomes hyper vigilant about cues that precede the negative consequence. This leads to avoidance.

Question 24

What is ‘Differential Reinforcement for Successive Approximations’ or ‘Shaping’?

Answer 24

1. Providing reinforcement only when the client moves toward the target behaviour.
2. If there are disruptive behaviours, apply a mild punishment. ie. no reinforcement

Question 25

In Behavior Therapy, what is ‘Chaining’?

Answer 25

When the end of one behaviour becomes the Discriminative Stimulus for the start of the next behaviour..

Question 26

In Behaviour Therapy, what is ‘Vicarious Learning’ or ‘Social Learning’?

Answer 26

Using another person to model a behaviour so that a client can observe both the behaviour and its consequences.

Question 27

What are the two components of the Approach-Avoidance Conflict?

Answer 27

1. The Approach Gradient

2. The Avoidance Gradient

Question 28

What is a typical application of the Approach-Avoidance Conflict?

Answer 28

Procrastination problems

Question 29

In the behavioural model, Approach-Avoidance Conflict, What are ways to raise the ‘Approach Gradient’ ?

Answer 29

1. Increase expectations of success
2. Raise the reinforcement value
3. Reconnect the client with intrinsic motivations

Question 30

In the behavioural model, Approach-Avoidance Conflict, What are ways to lower the ‘Avoidance Gradient’?

Answer 30

Systematic Desensitization (OEI, EMDR)