Section E - Cognitive & Behavioural Therapies & REBT Flashcards
What are the ‘ABC’s’ of Rational Emotive Therapy?
Activating event -> underlying Belief -> emotional Consequence
What do you do in Dr. David Burns exercise for tracking cognitive distortions?
- Recognize an automatic thought
- Identify what the cognitive distortion is
- Look for more rational, possible responses/explanations
What are four commonly used Cognitive-Behavioural techniques?
- Thought stopping and thought switching
- Systematic desensitization
- CHEAP BFV analysis
- Cognitive activation
What is the CBT technique, thought stopping or thought switching?
Instructing a client to wear a rubber band on their wrist and to ‘snap’ it when they recognize they are having a cognitive distortion as a reminder to replace it with a positive thought.
What is the CBT technique, Systematic Desensitization?
After creating a hierarchy of levels of stress (5 SUDS difference per level), work through the hierarchy with the client, pairing it with relaxation exercises.
What does the CBT technique, CHEAP BFV Analysis stand for?
C- review Concerns H- Hopes E - Expectations A - Assumptions P - Perceptions B - Beliefs F - Fears V - Values * use to work out 'stalemates'
What is the CBT technique, Cognitive Activation?
Having a client focus on a cognitive task while engaging in a traumatic activity.
What are the 10 Cognitive Distortions in CBT?
SCAMMED POJ
- Should statements
- Castastrophizing or minimizing
- All-or-nothing
- Mislabelling and labelling
- Mental filter
- Emotional Reasoning
- Disqualifying the positive
- Personalization
- Overgeneralization
- Jumping to conclusions
What is the ‘Miracle Question’ in solution-focused therapy?
“What if you went to sleep and a miracle happened and all the problems that have brought you here were gone? Except, you were sleeping, so you don’t know it has happened. Once you wake up, how would you realize that this has happened?”
In which situations is it appropriate to use Brief Solution-focussed Therapy?
- Bright, psych-minded clients with good ego strength and little dissociation
- When you only have a few sessions
- Deeply disturbed clients who can’t handle ‘power therapies’
In solution-focussed therapies, what are the guidelines for well-formed goals?
- Specific, concrete & measurable
- Realistic & achievable
- Seen as ‘hard work’ by the client
- Small
- Is described positively
- Salient to client and therapist
- Has contextual/situational features
What are the major tenets of solution focussed therapy?
- A focus on the positive, solutions and the future facilitates positive change
- Exceptions to problems suggest solutions
- Clients are the experts
What are ‘scaling questions’ useful for in solution-focussed therapy?
Assessing progress, confidence, hopefulness, self-esteem, pre-session change and investment in a relationship
What are 4 general guidelines for solution-focussed therapy?
- Use the client’s language
- Emphasize ‘goodness’ of coming to therapy
- Compliment the client
- Use ‘bridging statements’ when providing suggestions
What are four things to listen for when doing goal identification, maintenance and follow up in solution focussed therapy?
- Successes and strengths
- Exceptions to the problem
- Clues to solutions
- Things that are already working
- The Big Goal
In what situations is it appropriate to use Behavior Therapy and Applied Behavioural Analysis?
- Any behaviour change with children
- Most fears & phobias
- Some couples issues that require behaviour change
In Behaviour Analysis, what is Operant Behaviour?
Any event int he client’s current repertoire of activity. e.g.. startle response
In Behaviour Analysis, what are Discriminative Stimuli?
Any temporarily contiguous phenomena that precede the Operant behaviour in the immediate environment.
What are the main components of behaviour analysis
Discriminative Stimuli –>
Operant behaviour –>
Reinforcers (positive or negative) & Punishments
In Behaviour Analysis, what is Negative Reinforcement?
Any event following an operant behaviour which provides relief from, or prevents, pain or discomfort.
In Behaviour Analysis, what is Punishment?
When an aversive event follows operant behaviour.
*Not the same as Negative Reinforcement
In Behaviour Analysis, what is Positive Reinforcement?
Any neutral or pleasurable event following an Operant Behavior that increases the frequency and/or intensity of the Operant Behavior.
How do many fears and phobias develop?
Association with neutral stimuli followed by punishment (aversive consequences) for exhibiting the Operant Behaviour. There after, the client becomes hyper vigilant about cues that precede the negative consequence. This leads to avoidance.
What is ‘Differential Reinforcement for Successive Approximations’ or ‘Shaping’?
- Providing reinforcement only when the client moves toward the target behaviour.
- If there are disruptive behaviours, apply a mild punishment. ie. no reinforcement
