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Advanced Counselling Skills > Section D - Foundational Therapies/Relaxation Techniques > Flashcards

Section D - Foundational Therapies/Relaxation Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

When someone faces a trauma, what are some of the common ‘shattered assumptions?’

A
  1. I can trust God
  2. I can trust others
  3. I can trust my own judgement
  4. The world is a safe & predictable place
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2
Q

How do these ‘shattered assumptions’ affect an individual?

A

They can cause prolonged grief/disorientation, sometimes more than the trauma itself.

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3
Q

How is the therapeutic relationship central to the healing process?

A

The quality of the relationship is far more important than whatever technique the therapist uses.

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4
Q

What does the phrase ‘the intended message’ refer to and why is it important?

A

It is bringing the past into the client’s awareness of the present, to help them express what they aren’t quite able to express on their own.

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5
Q

How does Karl Menninger express the way to assist a client that keeps them as the problem solver and the source?

A

“One tells a patient what the patient almost sees for himself and one tells him in such a way that the patient - not the analyst - takes the ‘credit’ for this discovery.’

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6
Q

What are the phrases in ‘five phrase therapy?’ ;)

A
  1. That seems to bother you
  2. I guess you’re pulled two ways about all that
  3. I can’t help wondering how much all this means to you?
  4. Under all that anger, I think I hear some hurt.
  5. Under all that hurt, I think I hear some anger.
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7
Q

What is Rick’s Medical Analogy to guide therapy selection?

A

E.R –> OEI, EMDR
Post-op –> CBT
Plastic Surgery –> Existential

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8
Q

In Humanistic/Existential, what are good questions to ask to draw out a client’s experience of being seen, accepted and encouraged?

A
  1. What stood out about it or was different?
  2. What was most important to you about that person?
  3. What was transformational about that experience and why?
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9
Q

When is it most appropriate to use Existential Analysis in treatment?

A
  1. Anxiety/depression not from bio or single trauma causes
  2. Individuals with relatively ‘peaceful’ exterior lives
  3. Those with significant verbal and abstract thinking skills
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10
Q

In Existential theory, what are the three types of anxiety?

A
  1. Realistic (assaults, accidents, disasters)
  2. Pathological (repeatedly paralyzed)
  3. Existential (death/meaning)
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11
Q

In Existential theory, what is usually the cause of existential anxiety?

A

When one bases their worth on something other than ultimate purpose (ie. wealth, beauty, power)

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12
Q

In a purist practice of Existential theory, what are the primary components/techniques?

A
  1. Empathic support & focussing
  2. Confrontation with reality
  3. Cognitive challenges
  4. Paradoxical intention (what if the worst thing happened?)
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13
Q

What is at the core of Existential theory?

A

A commitment to self-healing and the goal of accepting insecurity while embracing ultimate security.

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14
Q

In Existential theory, what are the 4 ways that clients manifest anxiety?

A
  1. Flight (avoidance, drugs)
  2. Combat (struggle, anger)
  3. Destructive Aggression (hate)
  4. Paralyzing/Numbing (dissociation)
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15
Q

Who are the main figures in Existential theory?

A
  1. Boss
  2. Binswanger
  3. Bugental
  4. Frankl
  5. Yalom
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16
Q

What is the format, length and setting of Existential therapy?

A 
Format = individual or group
Length = long-term
Setting = seated, face to face
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17
Q

What are the therapeutic relationship and focus about in Existential therapy?

A
  • The relationship is an authentic, full present encounter between two people.
  • The focus is on the whole person rather than the problem.
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18
Q

What are the goals of Existential therapy?

A
  • To make use of a boundary situation/crisis (eg. death)
  • Empower client to make free choices
  • Understand client’s experience of being-in-the-world
  • Identify maladaptive defences against the primary anxiety
  • Diminish secondary anxiety by finding ways to deal with primary anxiety. (see pg. 123 for defn. of 1st and 2nd anxiety)
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19
Q

What is the general process of Existential therapy?

A
  • Primary attention is dedicated to the present

- Therapeutic Relationship is used to identify defence mechanisms

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20
Q

What are the ideal situations in which to apply Narrative Therapy techniques?

A
  • Children with fears/phobias, behaviour problems
  • Adults with complex trauma (can’t handle trauma therapy)
  • Adults with Dissociative Identity Disorder
  • Couples/families with severe communication/conflict issues
21
Q

What is one of the major goals of a Narrative Therapist?

A

To ‘thicken up’ the evidence for or against conclusions that result as a client’s interpretation of their experience.

22
Q

What is Externalization in Narrative therapy?

A

Turning a symptom or problem into a third person entity with it’s own identity and characteristics.

23
Q

What does it mean to ‘Find Exceptions’ in Narrative therapy?

A

To identify and explore instances where the presenting problem wasn’t present.

24
Q

What are ‘outside witnesses’ in Narrative therapy?

A

To bring other people into the session who will:

  1. testify to positive exceptions
  2. Listen and interact with the client’s interpretation of their experience
25
Q

What does it mean to ‘build scaffolds’ in Narrative therapy?

A

To use questions and reflections that help clients to build stronger connections between the landscapes of identity and action by:

  1. crafting richer alternative stories
  2. exploring neglected territories
  3. identify knowledge/skills that can help address current struggles
26
Q

What is the process of inquiry in Narrative therapy?

A
  1. Identify the problem (when, where, what, who, how long?)
    and establish connected context and relationships
  2. Facilitate evaluation of how that problem affects the client’s life
  3. Explore the justifications for that evaluation
27
Q

What does it mean to ‘re-author’ conversations in Narrative therapy?

A

To help the client identify exceptions or overlooked skills/knowledge that can be used to envision or re-envision alternate story lines and meanings.

28
Q

What are the four guiding questions for ‘outsider witnesses’ who offer a re-telling of a client’s story?

A
  1. What did you see that caught your attention?
  2. What values did it express?
  3. What resonated most deeply with you?
  4. How has that moved or changed you from where you were?
29
Q

What does the ‘Landscape of Identity’ refer to in Narrative therapy?

A

Areas related to self-esteem, self-worth and self-efficacy

30
Q

What does the ‘Landscape of Action’ refer to in Narrative therapy?

A

Areas related to events, activities and relationships.

31
Q

What is dysphoria?

A

Experiencing unpleasant emotions and/or physical sensations

32
Q

What clients are stress reduction & calming techniques most important for?

A
  1. significant abuse/neglect as children
  2. recently traumatized (PTSD, panic attacks)
  3. multiple losses in a short time period
  4. reports of feeling ‘out of control’
  5. complaints of irritability/stress
  6. following emotionally intense session work
33
Q

What are the two nervous systems we have?

A
  1. Central Nervous System

2. Autonomic Nervous System

34
Q

What does the Central Nervous System control?

A

Muscles over which we have voluntary control.

35
Q

What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

A

Smooth muscles like internal organs, arteries, veins, etc.

36
Q

What are the two branches of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A
  1. Sympathetic (prompts ‘fight or flight’ response)

2. Parasympathetic (relaxation response)

37
Q

How do relaxation technique function within the Autonomic Nervous System

A

The sympathetic nervous system activates stress and physical stress symptoms. Activating the parasympathetic through relaxation techniques can counteract and diminish this stress response.

38
Q

What are the 5 autogenic/multisensory image combinations for the Core Person/Safe place exercise?

A
  1. Hands/arms are warm and heavy -> sight
  2. Breathing is deep and slow -> sound
  3. Heartbeat is slow and regular -> touch/feel
  4. Feet/legs are warm and heavy -> smell
  5. Forehead is cool and dry -> taste
39
Q

What are the ‘deadly dozen,’ physical responses to stress?

A

BCD ETHICISMS
Blood thickens
Cortisone release
Digestive tract shutdown

Endorphin release
Thyroid hormone increase
Heart racing
Insulin/sugar increase
Cholesterol increase
Increased air supply
Sex hormone reduction
Muscle tension
Skin
40
Q

What are the three ingredients of hypnotic trance induction?

A
  1. deep physical relaxation
  2. sensory focus (auditory or visual)
  3. alternate consciousness
41
Q

What is diaphragmatic breathing?

A

Deep breaths from your belly. A relaxation technique for clients dealing with stress/anxiety.

42
Q

What is the muscle relaxation exercise?

A

A technique to address the muscle tension from the ‘fight or flight’ response and learn to differentiate tense muscles from relaxed ones.

43
Q

How do you perform the muscle relaxation exercise?

A

In this order, tense each muscle group 5-7 seconds and then release for 20 to 30 seconds.

  1. hands, forearms and biceps
  2. head, face, throat and shoulders
  3. chest, stomach and lower back
  4. Thighs, buttocks, calves and feet
44
Q

What is imagery as a relaxation technique?

A

Creating a vivid, imagined picture of a safe place to go to when being assaulted by stress or traumatic memories.

45
Q

What is the ‘Sensate Focus’ grounding technique?

A

Concentrating on each of your senses, one at a time, as a way of re-connecting to the moment you are in. For example, what can I see? what can I hear? etc.

46
Q

What are Cook’s hookups?

A

A grounding technique that restores balance to the two halves of the brain by sitting in a chair, one leg crossed over the other with hands crossed resting on that leg.

47
Q

What is ‘Cross crawl’?

A

A grounding technique used to restore balance to the the halves of the brain by standing or sitting and alternatively touching your leg/calf with the opposite arm.

48
Q

What is the BRAIN protocol?

A

Using Breathing, Relaxation, Autogenics, Imagery and grouNding together to bring someone to a state of relaxation and feeling secure/safe.

Advanced Counselling Skills (6 decks)

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