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Advanced Counselling Skills > Section C - Core Skills Used Throughout the Course > Flashcards

Section C - Core Skills Used Throughout the Course Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of positive and negative Intensity Markers?

A
  • Verbal
  • Paraverbal
  • Non-verbal
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2
Q

What are the three types of Conflict Markers?

A
  • Verbal
  • Paraverbal
  • Non-verbal
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3
Q

What emotions/thoughts are typically connected to a Positive Verbal Intensity Marker?

A
  • Interest
  • Laughter
  • Emotional Support
    eg. I’m so relieved! It’s great to feel more settled.
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4
Q

What emotions/thoughts are typically connected to a Negative Verbal Intensity Marker?

A
  • Anger/rage
  • Fear
  • Sadness
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5
Q

What types of things indicate a Positive Paraverbal Intensity Marker?

A
  • soft, slow, empathic tone of voice

- excited, rapid upbeat tone

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6
Q

What types of things indicate a Negative Paraverbal Intensity Marker?

A
  • Crying
  • Changes in breathing (stopping or speeding up)
  • Changes in voice pitch
  • Changes in speech pacing
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7
Q

What types of things indicate a Positive Non-Verbal Intensity Marker?

A
  • Hand touching heart

- Breathing a sigh of relief

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8
Q

What types of things indicate a Negative Non-Verbal Intensity Marker?

A
  • Erratic hand/arm gestures
  • Widening eyes
  • Posture/body movements
  • Shifting eye contact and body position
  • Increased blinking, reddening of eyes
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9
Q

What types of things indicate a Verbal Conflict Marker?

A
  • ‘Yeah, but…’
  • ‘However’
  • ‘Maybe’
  • ‘I don’t know’
  • ‘On the one hand…’
  • ‘Isn’t it?’
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10
Q

What types of things indicate a Paraverbal Conflict Marker?

A
  • Pauses/hesitations in speech
  • Inflection at the end of statements
  • Sighs
  • Awkward laughter
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11
Q

What types of things indicate a Non-verbal Conflict Marker?

A
  • Gesturing to opposite sides of body
  • Gesturing to head and heart together
  • Furrowing brow, shifting head
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12
Q

What is one of the most important applications of Intensity markers as a counsellor?

A

Clearly expressing your own positive intensity. (confidence, engagement and showing appropriate emotion)

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13
Q

What is the ultimate long-term goal of using Conflict and Intensity markers?

A

To become capable of accurately self-monitoring your own counselling behaviour.

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14
Q

How should a counsellor respond to a an observed conflict marker in the client?

A

Query the conflict marker with questions. This will allow for deeper engagement and understanding of client reticence.

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15
Q

What are 5 Factors to pay attention to during counselling sessions?

A
  1. Pacing/tone
  2. Cycling (client returning to same subject)
  3. Identify the cause of conflict markers
  4. Addressing own uncertainties out loud
  5. Sharing thoughts of diagnoses with client
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16
Q

What are two major factors to consider when assessing cultural differences?

A
  1. Power Distance - degree of respect, power, for authority

2. Personal Space - preferred space when interacting

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17
Q

What 3 main groups do most cultures fall into?

A
  1. Middle Eastern/Hispanic/South Europe/Filipino
  2. North American/ West & North Europe
  3. Asian
18
Q

How can the Middle Eastern/Hispanic/South Europe culture group (Group 1) be described?

A
  • Intense

- require the least personal space in interaction

19
Q

How can the North American/ West & North Europe culture group (Group 2) be described?

A
  • Middle-of-the-road personal space preference

- lowest expected power distances

20
Q

How can the Asian culture group (Group 3) be described?

A
  • tend to prefer the most personal space

- tend to have the greatest power distances

21
Q

If you are from culture Group 2 (NA/ NW Eur.) and relating to group 3 (Asian), what are some things to consider?

A
  • Maintain at least 3 feet of personal space
  • Offer gentler, brief handshakes
  • Don’t do sustained eye contact
  • Be indirect about stating expertise
  • Allow pauses and time to think
  • Maintain a higher degree of formality/reserve
  • Minimize self-disclosure and effusive displays of emotion
  • Show deference to age
  • Don’t end with abrupt statements
22
Q

If you are from group 3 (Asian) and relating to Group 2 (NA/ NW Europe), what are some things to consider?

A
  • Prefers less personal space than you (18-36 inches)
  • Firm handshakes
  • Offer more sustained eye contact
  • Share relevant personal experiences
  • Show deference (if any) to those with highest education/position
  • Be less formal and more expressive
  • Can be assertive and quick with questions/insight
  • Elaborate on responses to questions
23
Q

What is Active Listening?

A

Sensitivity to congruence (or lack) between the client’s verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal communication without problem-solving/placating.

24
Q

What is Reflecting?

A

Conveying the essence of the spoken and unspoken content from the client so they can ‘hear’ it.

25
Q

What is Clarifying?

A

Focussing on key underlying issues and sorting out confusing & conflicting feelings.

26
Q

What is Summarizing?

A

Summing up the content of the session in transitions between topics, at the close of sessions and at the introductions of new topics.

27
Q

What is Structuring?

A

Creating and maintaining the logistical frame in which the counselling will take place. (location, times, cost, number of sessions, etc.)

28
Q

What is Empathizing?

A

Openly grasping the client’s experiencing while maintaining separateness. Discerning nonverbal communication and responding with caring/openness

29
Q

What is Interpreting?

A

Offering tentative explanations for behaviours/symptoms.

30
Q

What is Questioning?

A

Asking questions that gently heighten the clients awareness of a moment without ‘interrogating.’

31
Q

What is Framing/Reframing?

A

Offering new perspectives on old problems, situations and relationships. Can sometimes use metaphors or allegory.

32
Q

What is Confronting (w/ couples)?

A

Challenging individuals (a) when their behaviours are disrupting the process or (b) when verbal content doesn’t match nonverbal and expressing how you (therapist) feel about this.

33
Q

What is Supporting (w/ couples)?

A

Providing comfort/encouragement when clients are facing crises, venturing into frightening territory, feeling uncertain about attempting change, or struggling to banish old patterns.

34
Q

What is Blocking (w/ couples/families)

A

Preventing/limiting behaviours such as interrogating, gossip, storytelling, breaking confidence, invading privacy, attacking or coercion to share/process more than comfortable with.

35
Q

What is Diagnosing (q/ couples/families)?

A

Appraising behaviour problems and choosing appropriate interventions.

36
Q

What is Modelling (role playing)?

A

Demonstrating attitudes and behaviours for the client.

37
Q

What is Suggesting?

A

Offering alternative courses of action, giving information, introducing homework assignments and client ‘experiments.’

38
Q

What is Initiating?

A

Providing direction to clients, offering structure and taking action when needed.

39
Q

What is Evaluating?

A

Reflecting on one’s own physical, emotional and behavioural reactions to clients and assessing the effectiveness, appropriateness and direction of therapy.

40
Q

What is Terminating?

A

Appropriately and skillfully bringing a session or therapeutic relationship to a close.

Advanced Counselling Skills (6 decks)

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