Section C - Core Skills Used Throughout the Course Flashcards
What are the three types of positive and negative Intensity Markers?
- Verbal
- Paraverbal
- Non-verbal
What are the three types of Conflict Markers?
- Verbal
- Paraverbal
- Non-verbal
What emotions/thoughts are typically connected to a Positive Verbal Intensity Marker?
- Interest
- Laughter
- Emotional Support
eg. I’m so relieved! It’s great to feel more settled.
What emotions/thoughts are typically connected to a Negative Verbal Intensity Marker?
- Anger/rage
- Fear
- Sadness
What types of things indicate a Positive Paraverbal Intensity Marker?
- soft, slow, empathic tone of voice
- excited, rapid upbeat tone
What types of things indicate a Negative Paraverbal Intensity Marker?
- Crying
- Changes in breathing (stopping or speeding up)
- Changes in voice pitch
- Changes in speech pacing
What types of things indicate a Positive Non-Verbal Intensity Marker?
- Hand touching heart
- Breathing a sigh of relief
What types of things indicate a Negative Non-Verbal Intensity Marker?
- Erratic hand/arm gestures
- Widening eyes
- Posture/body movements
- Shifting eye contact and body position
- Increased blinking, reddening of eyes
What types of things indicate a Verbal Conflict Marker?
- ‘Yeah, but…’
- ‘However’
- ‘Maybe’
- ‘I don’t know’
- ‘On the one hand…’
- ‘Isn’t it?’
What types of things indicate a Paraverbal Conflict Marker?
- Pauses/hesitations in speech
- Inflection at the end of statements
- Sighs
- Awkward laughter
What types of things indicate a Non-verbal Conflict Marker?
- Gesturing to opposite sides of body
- Gesturing to head and heart together
- Furrowing brow, shifting head
What is one of the most important applications of Intensity markers as a counsellor?
Clearly expressing your own positive intensity. (confidence, engagement and showing appropriate emotion)
What is the ultimate long-term goal of using Conflict and Intensity markers?
To become capable of accurately self-monitoring your own counselling behaviour.
How should a counsellor respond to a an observed conflict marker in the client?
Query the conflict marker with questions. This will allow for deeper engagement and understanding of client reticence.
What are 5 Factors to pay attention to during counselling sessions?
- Pacing/tone
- Cycling (client returning to same subject)
- Identify the cause of conflict markers
- Addressing own uncertainties out loud
- Sharing thoughts of diagnoses with client
What are two major factors to consider when assessing cultural differences?
- Power Distance - degree of respect, power, for authority
2. Personal Space - preferred space when interacting
What 3 main groups do most cultures fall into?
- Middle Eastern/Hispanic/South Europe/Filipino
- North American/ West & North Europe
- Asian
How can the Middle Eastern/Hispanic/South Europe culture group (Group 1) be described?
- Intense
- require the least personal space in interaction
How can the North American/ West & North Europe culture group (Group 2) be described?
- Middle-of-the-road personal space preference
- lowest expected power distances
How can the Asian culture group (Group 3) be described?
- tend to prefer the most personal space
- tend to have the greatest power distances
If you are from culture Group 2 (NA/ NW Eur.) and relating to group 3 (Asian), what are some things to consider?
- Maintain at least 3 feet of personal space
- Offer gentler, brief handshakes
- Don’t do sustained eye contact
- Be indirect about stating expertise
- Allow pauses and time to think
- Maintain a higher degree of formality/reserve
- Minimize self-disclosure and effusive displays of emotion
- Show deference to age
- Don’t end with abrupt statements
If you are from group 3 (Asian) and relating to Group 2 (NA/ NW Europe), what are some things to consider?
- Prefers less personal space than you (18-36 inches)
- Firm handshakes
- Offer more sustained eye contact
- Share relevant personal experiences
- Show deference (if any) to those with highest education/position
- Be less formal and more expressive
- Can be assertive and quick with questions/insight
- Elaborate on responses to questions
What is Active Listening?
Sensitivity to congruence (or lack) between the client’s verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal communication without problem-solving/placating.
What is Reflecting?
Conveying the essence of the spoken and unspoken content from the client so they can ‘hear’ it.
