Section C

Question 1

1) begin with a general definition of the term organum

Answer 1

organum is a 2 part chant and was a new genre that emerged as early as in the 7th century. Organum was the birth of early polyphony, meaning competing musical lines.

Question 2

2) a. parallel organum definition

Answer 2

most common type of organum. 2. parts move at same speed, but different pitch level. including a principle voice- the upper part and the organa voice- new, lower part, duplicated upper part at 4th or 5th below. in the 10C, it expanded into 4 parts.

Question 3

2)b. oblique organum definition

Answer 3

in the 900s, two new types of organum emerge. oblique organum where the designations were now reversed. Upper voice is not organa, lower voice principle. They go at the same speed.

Question 4

2) c. melismatic organum definition

Answer 4

in 900s, 2 new types of organum emerge. Principal, lower voice has single, sustained note. organa, upper voice has multiple notes. Different speeds.

Question 5

3) end with definition of Notre dame organum

Answer 5

new in the 1100s. most elaborate organum writing. associated with cathedral of Notre dame in Paris. 2 famous composers/choirmasters leonin and perotin. wrote in 2 part measured or distant style, note against note style. Their pieces now featured 3 different types of textures:
1. chorus: plain chant
2. Soloists- in original pneumatic sections: free/unmeasured organum
3. soloists- in original melismatic sections: measured organum.

Question 6

3) and a discussion of LEONINS SETTING OF VIDERUNT OMNES

Answer 6

from Magnus liber organi
combines
1. free, unmeasured organum
2. measured organum
3. plain chant (heard at very end)