Section Banks and Full Lengths

Question 1

What is the hill coefficient?

Answer 1

indicates degree of cooperative binding for molecules with more than one subunit

Question 2

values of hill coefficient and meanings

Answer 2

less than one- negative cooperativity
equal to one- independent binding, no cooperativity
more than one- positive cooperativity (think hemoglobin)

Question 3

HIV is what kind of virus?

Answer 3

retrovirus

Question 4

PCR primers- what are they and where do you put them?

Answer 4

short pieces of single-stranded DNA. Two primers are used in each PCR reaction, they are designed to flank the target region. Other nucleotides will fill the gaps between the primers

Question 5

PKA phosphorylates using

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

Relation between period and frequency

Answer 6

T=1/f

Question 7

If the first harmonic has a frequency of 100 Hz, then the second harmonic will have a frequency of ______ Hz.

Answer 7

200

Question 8

melting point and temperature increase

Answer 8

temperature of a metal will not increase above its melting point until ALL metal is melted. Applies for all phase changes

Question 9

A charged particle _____ in an electric field

Answer 9

accelerates

Question 10

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

P=rho g depth

Question 11

capacitance is ______ proportional to the distance between the plates

Answer 11

inversely

Question 12

structure of adenosine

Answer 12

draw

Question 13

structure of thymine

Answer 13

draw

Question 14

structure of uracil

Answer 14

draw

Question 15

structure of cytosine

Answer 15

draw

Question 16

structure of ATP

Answer 16

draw

Question 17

why does light slow down as it is going through a dense medium?

Answer 17

because its energy is absorbed and reemitted by the atomic structure of the medium

Question 18

Force on a charge in an electric field

Answer 18

F=qE

Question 19

glucose

Answer 19

draw

Question 20

fructose

Answer 20

draw

Question 21

galactose

Answer 21

draw

Question 22

hydroquinone

Answer 22

draw

Question 23

benzoquinone

Answer 23

draw

Question 24

Energy of a photon

Answer 24

E=hf

Question 25

solubility of amines

Answer 25

small amines are soluble, large are not

Question 26

Quench

Answer 26

converted to its inactive form

Question 27

-ate suffix is the

Answer 27

most common oxyanion

Question 28

ite suffix is the

Answer 28

one oxygen fewer than ate

Question 29

pyrophosphate

Answer 29

phosphorous oxyanions that contain POP linkeage, also called diphosphate

Question 30

Kinetic control

Answer 30

preferred product is the one that is formed most quickly and has the lowest AE barrier. Even though products may be more stable, major product is formed most quickly. Often applies to irriversible reactions

Question 31

Thermodynamic control

Answer 31

preference for the most stable product no matter which one forms first, even if it has a higher activation energy. Often applies to reversible reactions

Question 32

Ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 32

very similar in structure, but different enough that bacterial ones can be targeted by antibiotics

Question 33

Cell walls

Answer 33

ONLY BACTERIA

Question 34

germ layers for epidermis and dermis

Answer 34

``` epidermis= ectoderm dermis= mesoderm ```

Question 35

transferases

Answer 35

don't only transfer functional groups, they can transfer any group. So, kinases are transferases.

Question 36

catalytic efficiency

Answer 36

Kcat/Km

Question 37

oligosaccharide

Answer 37

carbohydrate composed of a relatively small number of monosaccharides

Question 38

Anionic substances bind to _____ exchange columns. Cationic substances bind to ______ exchange columns.

Answer 38

anionic, cationic

Question 39

Histine has a pH of

Answer 39

6

Question 40

Kcat

Answer 40

number of substrate molecules turned over/ second

Question 41

Kcat formula

Answer 41

Kcat=vmax/E

Question 42

Michaelis menton formula

Answer 42

Vo.....

Question 43

buffer formula

Answer 43

pH=pKa + log (base/acid)

Question 44

polarity of functional groups (most to least)

Answer 44

amide, COOH, alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, amine, ester, ether, alkane

Question 45

half life definition

Answer 45

time it takes for .5 of a radioactive material to decay into daughter nuclei

Question 46

peptide chains run

Answer 46

N terminal to C terminal

Question 47

naming ATP phosphates

Answer 47

first is alpha, then beta, gamma

Question 48

cooperative process graphs

Answer 48

sigmoidal shapes. Protein folding/unfolding is cooperative

Question 49

Venturi effect

Answer 49

for a constriction in a pipe there will be higher velocity and lower internal pressure

Question 50

Oxidation occurs at the ______ | Reduction occurs at the ______

Answer 50

anode | cathode

Question 51

dhow to tell if it's an ionic or covalent bond

Answer 51

material, but also electronegativity difference. Needs to be a large Eneg difference in order to be considered ionic.

Question 52

coordinate covalent bonds

Answer 52

ones in which both electrons in the bond are derrived from the same atom

Question 53

lineweaver burk x intercept

Answer 53

-1/km

Question 54

lineweaver burk y intercept

Answer 54

1/vmax

Question 55

lineweaver burk slope

Answer 55

km/vmax

Question 56

dependency ratio

Answer 56

ratio of economically dependent members of society to economically productive workers (dependent is too young or too old to work. Working age 18-65)

Question 57

Source monitoring Error

Answer 57

memory error where the source of a memory is incorrectly attributed to some specific recollected experience

Question 58

dissociative disorders

Answer 58

conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception

Question 59

conversion disorders

Answer 59

causes patients to suffer from neurological symptoms (numbness, blindness, paralysis) witout any organic cause

Question 60

affect component of attitude

Answer 60

the emotional reaction one has toward an attitude

Question 61

which drugs have a high incidence of physical/psychological dependence?

Answer 61

stimulants, sedatives, and alcohol

Question 62

which drug class has the lowest risk of dependence?

Answer 62

hallucinogens

Question 63

Groupthink explained further

Answer 63

high pressures to reach consensus and stifle discontent. Produces minimal effective communication.

Question 64

Self-serving bias

Answer 64

tendency to percieve oneself in an overly favorable manner

Question 65

escape learing

Answer 65

operant conditioning involving learning how to STOP a painful or scary stimulus after it has began

Question 66

avoidance learning

Answer 66

avoid painful or scary stimulus completely

Question 67

How do you number pyrimidines and purines?

Answer 67

Always give the nitrogens the lowest numbers possible, starting with the double bonded nitrogen. AFfter that it would go to a carbonyl if there was one.

Question 68

3 ways of doing gel electrophoresis

Answer 68

Native- All bonds in tact SDS- remove all bonds but disulfides (all protein to protein bonds, subunits are now separate) Reducing- removes intra protein bonds

Question 69

More compact protein travels ______ in electrophoresis

Answer 69

farther

Question 70

which of ATUCG has the most hydrogen bond acceptors?

Answer 70

C

Question 71

Why does DNA denature when the pH is low?

Answer 71

H bond acceptors can become protonated and lose the ability to H bond

Question 72

specific activity

Answer 72

measure of the reactivity of a compound per unit mass

Question 73

glycerol sturcture

Answer 73

draw

Question 74

disulfide bonds are ionic or covalent?

Answer 74

covalent