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GCSE Geography Paper 2 > Section B - The Development Gap > Flashcards

Section B - The Development Gap Flashcards

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1
Q

what is development

A

development is making a positive change and improving living standards and quality of life

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2
Q

what factors affect speed of development

A

environemental-natural disaster. economic-trade and debt. social-safe water and education. political-stable goverment or civil war

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3
Q

what is the development gap

A

the development gap represents the difference in living standards between the world’s richest and poorest

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4
Q

what countries do BRICS stand for

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

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5
Q

what countries do MINT stand for

A

Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey

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6
Q

what does GNI stand for

A

Gross National Income

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7
Q

what does HDI stand for

A

Human Development Index

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8
Q

what is GNI

A

the total value of goods and services produced by a country, plus money earned from, and paid to, other countires. It is expressed as per head (per capita) of the population

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9
Q

what is HDI

A

links health to wealth and education. it aims to show how far people are benefiting from a country’s economic growth. it is a social measure

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10
Q

what is an example of stage 1 of the demographic transition model

A

Indigenous Tribes : the birth rate and death rate remain high. they both fluctuate between higher or lower. the total population remains low

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11
Q

what is an example of stage 2 of the demographic transition model

A

Afghanistan : the birth rate remains very high. the death rate is starting to fall quite quickly. the total population begins to rise

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12
Q

what is an example of stage 3 of the demographic transition model

A

Nigeria : death rate is lower than birth rate. population is rapidly growing

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13
Q

what is an example of stage 4 of the demographic transition model

A

USA: death rates are low. lowered birth rates with smaller families. total population remains high

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14
Q

what problems is Germany likely to face in the next few decades?

A

high elderly population. low amount of young descendents. working population decreasing

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15
Q

what is an example of stage 5 of the demographic transition model

A

Germany : population decline as death rate exceeds birth rate. lowest birth rate in world. ageing population

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16
Q

how could Germany solve the problems they are likely to face in the next few decades

A

increase rates of migration. incentivise having young children. raise the retirement age

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17
Q

what does a narrow peak suggest on a population pyramid

A

high death rate because of poor healthcare

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18
Q

what does a wide base suggest on a population pyramid

A

high birth rate because of limited access to contraception

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19
Q

why did 4 million people flee Syria, to temporary camps in Turkey, Japan and Lebanon

A

a civil war has raged since 2011 - this has lead to people fleeing the country

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20
Q

how many migrants from Syria entered Germany in 2015

A

an estimated 1.1 million migrants entered Germany in 2015

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21
Q

What 3 strategies can reduce the development gap

A

Tourism, investment, industrial development

22
Q

How does tourism reduce the development gap

A

Countries with tropic beaches, landscapes or wildlife have become tourist destinations. This has led to investment and increased income from abroad, which can be used for improved education, infrastructure and housing. Tourism can generate a lot of income but is vulnerable in times of economic recession

23
Q

How does industrial development reduce the development gap

A

Industrial development brings employment, higher incomes and opportunities to invest in housing, education and infrastructure. The population then becomes better educated and healthier, which provides more opportunities to invest in industries and businesses. This circular process is called the multiplier effect

24
Q

What is an example of industrial development

A

Malaysia as it had made use of foreign investment to exploit its natural resources and develop a thriving manufacturing sector

25
Q

How does investment reduce the development gap

A

Many countries and TNCs invest money and expertise in LICs which supports the LICs development by providing income and employment

26
Q

What is an example of investment (trying to reduce the development gap)

A

Chinese companies have invested billions of dollars in Africa, including investing in a power plant and railway construction

27
Q

what are some facts about the current state of Jamaica’s economy

A

Jamaica’s economy is reliant upon minerals, agriculture products, and some manufacturing. it is classed as an upper middle income country but has suffered from slow growth, debt and high unemployement

28
Q

what are a few economic impacts of tourism on Jamaica’s economy

A

in 2014 tourism contributed 24% of Jamaica’s GDP. tourisms contribution. income of US$2 billion each year. employement gives people more disopsal income

29
Q

what are a few social impacts of tourism on Jamaica’s economy

A

tourism provides jobs for 200,000 people. the majority of jobs tourism offers are found in the main tourist towns. consrvation jobs are now available

30
Q

what are a few envirnmental impacts of tourism on Jamaica’s economy

A

footpath erosion is an environmental impact. water treatment plans has reduced the pollution. the north coast has seen the greatest investment

31
Q

what is aid

A

when country + NGO’s provide for a country in need

32
Q

what are some examples of aid

A

money e.g. grants or loans. emergency servics + supplies (e.g. tents). food. volunteers or skilled people

33
Q

what are the 6 different types of aid

A

short term, long term, tied, voluntary, biblateral, multilateral

34
Q

when is short term aid provided

A

short term aid is provided after natural distasters/emergency sevice

35
Q

what is long term aid used for

A

long term is used to improve infrastructure

36
Q

what is voluntary aid

A

voluntary aid is money donated by the public that goes directly to the cause

37
Q

what is multilateral aid used for

A

multilateral aid is used to distribute money sent to the world bank

38
Q

what are some facts about the Goat Aid Oxfam Africa (Malasia)

A

milk sold for income. products for the family. goats can be bred easily. manure used for fertiliser

39
Q

which 2 systems do rich countries use in order to protect their trade

A

tariffs and quotas

40
Q

what are tariffs

A

Tariffs are taxes paid on imports making imported goods more expensive and locally produced goods more attractive

41
Q

what are quotas

A

Quotas are limits on the quantity of goods, usually primary products that can be imported

42
Q

which country is forced to export coca beans, rather than develop its own industry of making chocolate

A

Ghana

43
Q

what is free trade

A

free trade is when countries do not charge tariffs and have quotas. This has the potential to benefit the world’s poorest countries

44
Q

what are subsides

A

Subsides are a barrier to free trade. Rich countries can afford to pay subsides to farmers, so their products are cheaper than those produced by poorer countries

45
Q

what 2 advantages are there of joining a trading group for poor counties

A

It encourages free trade between members. Members are able to get higher prices for their goods

46
Q

what is fairtrade

A

fairtrade is an international movement that sets standards for trade and helps to ensure that producers in poor countries get a fair deal

47
Q

why is fairtrade international fair

A

The farmer gets a fair price and all the money from the sale of the crop. Part of the price is invested in local community development projects. Farming is done in an environmentally friendly way. The product gains a stronger position in the global market

48
Q

what are 3 causes of uneven development

A

physical (e.g. extreme weather or landlocked countries). economic (e.g. trade conditions). historical (e.g. colonialism)

49
Q

whatdoes uneven development lead to

A

uneven development leads to disparities in wealth and health

50
Q

what do lower levels of development affecr

A

lower levels of development affect the causes of death in different countries

GCSE Geography Paper 2 (8 decks)

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