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GCSE Geography Paper 2 > Section B - Nigeria > Flashcards

Section B - Nigeria Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some facts about Nigeria

A

It is a country in West Africa. bordered by Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. directly south of the UK. on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Borders the Sahei in the north. dry and rainy seasons

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2
Q

what are some economic facts about Nigeria

A

by 2014, Nigeria was the worlds 21st largest economy. Nigeria had the highest average GDP growth for 2010-15. Nigeria supplies 2.7% of world’s total oil usage. Nigeria ranks 5th in contibutions to UN peacekeeping missions

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3
Q

what are some facts about political context of Nigeria

A

During the colonial period, Europeans exploited Africa’s resources and people. Nigeria was ruled by the UK as a colony. It became independent in 1960. Political instability affected Nigeria’s development and led to widespread corruption. Since 1999, it has a stable government. Several countries are now starting to invest in Nigeria (e.g. China, USA)

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4
Q

what are some facts about social context of Nigeria

A

Nigeria is a multi-ethnic, multi-faith county – this is a strength but has also been a source of conflict including a civil war between 1967 and 1970. Recently, economic inequality between the Islamic north and Christian south of Nigeria has created new religious and ethnic tensions. This has created an unstable situation with a negative impact on the economy

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5
Q

what is the Jos Plateau

A

Jos Plateua is an upland region which is wetter and cooler that surrounding savanna

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6
Q

what is the tropical grassland (savanna) used for

A

the tropical grasland is used for grazing cattle and growing crops

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7
Q

what is some environmental context of Nigeria

A

the north is semi desert (high temp, low rainfall). south has high temp and high rainfall. south’s climate allows healthy cocoa growth. south suffers fromm diseases. central highlands are wet

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8
Q

what are the 5 different political links in Nigeria

A

African Union, United Nations, OPEC, CEN-SAD, ECOWAS

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9
Q

what is African Union

A

an economic planning and peacekeeping group. Nigeria is in alliance with Niger, Chad, Benin and Cameroon to provide troops

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10
Q

what is United Nations

A

in 2014-15 a temporary member of the UN security council

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11
Q

what does OPEC aim to do

A

OPEC aims to stabilise the price of oil and ensure a regular supply

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12
Q

what is ECOWAS

A

a trading group made up of the countries of West Africa with headquaters in Abuja

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13
Q

in 1950-60s what was Nigeria reliant on, in terms of industrial sectors (hint: cocoa)

A

reliant on cash crop

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14
Q

in the 1960s what was Nigeria reliant on, in terms of industrial sectors

A

crude oil

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15
Q

in the 1990s what was Nigeria reliant on, in terms of industrial sectors

A

crude oil and agriculture

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16
Q

currently, what is Nigeria reliant on, in terms of industrial sectors

A

services. crude oil. agriculture. diversifying the types of crop grown

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17
Q

how has Nigeria grown its manufacturing industry

A

Nigeria has grown its manufacturing industry by making products from raw materials

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18
Q

what percentage, of Nigeria’s GDP, does manufacturing account for

A

manufacturing accounts for 10% of Nigeria’s GDP

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19
Q

what is trans national corporation

A

a large company that operates in several countries. it will usually have headquaters in one country and production in another

20
Q

why might TNCs locate in other countries

A

tax incentives. cheaper labour. access to wider market. lax environmental laws

21
Q

what are the advantages of TNCs on Nigeria

A

the transnational companies provide employment and the development of new skills. more money is spent in the economy. investment by companies in the local infrastructure and education

22
Q

what are the disadvantages of TNCs on Nigeria

A

local workers can be poorly paid. working conditionals are sometimes very bad. much of the profit goes abroad

23
Q

which company invests massive amounts of money into extracting oil

A

shell

24
Q

what economic benefit has Shell brought to Nigeria

A

making major contributions in taxes and export revenue

25
Q

what social benefit has Shell brought to Nigeria

A

providing direct employment for 65,000 Nigerian workers

26
Q

what environmental benefit has Shell brought to Nigeria

A

supporting the growth of Nigeria’s energy sector

27
Q

what is emergency aid

A

emergency aid is aid that usually follows a natural disatser e.g. war or conflict

28
Q

what is development aid

A

long term support given by charities, governments and multilateral organisations

29
Q

why does Nigerian recieve International Aid

A

because many people are poor and have limited access to services. life expectancy is low

30
Q

what aid does Nigeria recieve

A

4% of aid given to African countries is given to Nigeria. In 2013, aid represented 0.5% of Nigeria’s GNI. Charities and NGOs have supported projecys in Nigeria

31
Q

what is the impact of aid in Nigeria

A

aid has brought many benefits to people living in poverty. the most successful projects are community-based, supporting by small charities ans NGOs. Aid can be used for the project

32
Q

how has Nigeria benefited

A

aid from the USA hekps to educate and protect people againsy the spread of AIDS/HIV. The USAID-funded Community Care in Nigeria project provides support packages for orphans and vulnerable children

33
Q

what prevents aid being used effectively

A

corruption in the government is a major factor in loss of aid. donors may have political influence over what happens to aid. money may be used to promote the commercial self interest of the donor

34
Q

how does industrial growth affect the environment

A

Nigeria has about 5000 registered industrial plants and 10,000 illegal small-scale industries. some industries dispose of chemical waste on nearby land. desertification is a major problem in Nigeria. agriculture, logging, urban expansion, roads and industrial development are a threat to Nigeria’s forests

35
Q

how does urban growth affect the environment

A

In Nigeria, urban areas have grown rapidly. waste disposal have become a major issue. traffic congestion is a major problem in most Nigerian cities, leading to high lebels of exhaust emissions. extensive bush burning has damaged trees and species

36
Q

how does commercial farming and deforestation affect the environment

A

commercial farming has lead to land degration. water pollution is due to chemicals, soil erosion and sitting of river channels. many species have disappeared due to deforestation, and nearly 500 types of plants

37
Q

how does mining & oil extraction affect the environment

A

mining and extraction of raw materials and metals can lead to serious pollution, tin mining has lead to soil erosion. some economic developments have caused violent conflicts with local people

38
Q

what are the benefits of economic development in Nigeria

A

higher disposal income. safer water and sanitation. reliable, consistent employement. improved infrastructure. better healthcare. improved electricity supply. better diets

39
Q

in what year, was Nigeria one of the least developed countries due to wealth and access to education

A

2000

40
Q

in what year, did the HDI start to rise in Nigeria

A

2005

41
Q

in what year, was there a higher HDI increase in Nigeria, than any other country

A

2011

42
Q

what services are there limited access to in Nigeria

A

safe water, sanitation and reliable electricity

43
Q

what political imporvements need to be made

A

need to continue having fair and democratic electrions

44
Q

what environmental improvements need to be made

A

oil pollution in the Niger Delta, the Ogeni people, teste fly, there is deforestation in the North

45
Q

what social improvements need to be made

A

tribal divides, religious conflict (Islam in the north and Christians in the south), Boko Haram

GCSE Geography Paper 2 (8 decks)

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