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Textiles > Section B: Textiles > Flashcards

Section B: Textiles Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 natural fibres

A

silk
wool
cotton
linen

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2
Q

What three fribres are staple?

A

wool
cotton
linen

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3
Q

Name examples of cotton products

A

denim
corduroy
towels
furnishings and curtains

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4
Q

What are the properties of cotton?

A

durable
soft/warm
abrasion resistant

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5
Q

What easy after care can cotton have?

A

machine wash
tumble dry
hot iron

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6
Q

Name examples of linen products

A

upholstery
cloths
wallpapers
household linens

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7
Q

Name properties of linen

A

absorbent
durable
strong
creases easily

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8
Q

What easy after care can linen go though?

A

dry clean
hot wash hot iron

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9
Q

Name wool products

A

jersey
tweed jumpers
suits

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10
Q

Name properties of wool

A

absorbent
soft/warm
renewable and biodegradable
flame resistant
good insulator

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11
Q

What easy after care can wool go through?

A

dry clean/ machine washes
medium iron on wrong side

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12
Q

Name examples of slik products

A

chiffon
raw silk

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13
Q

Name properties of silk

A

absorbent
warm
drapes
lustrous

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14
Q

What easy after care can silk go through?

A

dry clean
hand wash
low iron on wrong side

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15
Q

Name examples of acrylic products

A

fleece
wool-like fabrics
carpets
furnishings
soft toys

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16
Q

Name properties of elastane/lycra/spandex

A

great tensile strength
elasticity
shape retention
light weight
fast drying

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17
Q

Name properties of nylon/polyamide

A

elastic
tough
abrasion resistant
smooth/soft
easy to wash/dye

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18
Q

Name properties of polyester

A

strong
elastic
crease resistant
spun for polycotton: lightweight,cool and less likely to wrinkle

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19
Q

explain abrasion resistant

A

eg polyester is tough and hardwearing
fast drying and lightweight
used in backpacks, sails and tents

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20
Q

Explain absobency

A

moisture wicking fabrics like nylon or polyester draw moisture away from body & dry rapidly keep wearer dry when exercising

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21
Q

Explain elasticity

A

elastane/lycra are elastic while retaining its shape
provides comfort and flexibiklity in sportswear/swim
heard wearing and quick drying

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22
Q

Explain flame retardants

A

chemically treated fabrics made to be more resistant to fires like upholstery have been tested agains british guidelines for the okay sign

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23
Q

Name 5 flame retardant products

A

childrens nightwear
theatre curtains
racing drivers clothes
protective workwear
furnishings

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24
Q

Explain lamination process

A

lamination: fueses 2/+ layers of fabric together with heat,adhesives and pressure

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25
Q

Common uses of lamination x6

A

outdoor clothing/ rainwear
outdoor curshions/seating
restaurant seating
car covers
wall coverings
baby bibs

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26
Q

How do laminated fibres protect?

A

provides barrier against dirt, grease,liquids and bacteria

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27
Q

How do laminated fibres preserve?

A

prevents staining
fading or tearing

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28
Q

How do laminated fibres prove to be easy to maintain?

A

provides an easy wipe surface

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29
Q

How do laminated fibres durable

A

inc durability
weather resistance
reduces wear and tear

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30
Q

How do laminated fibres aesthetics

A

improve surface of textiles
eg blinds/curtains

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31
Q

Name 4 common cutting tools

A

shears
rotary cutting wheel
pinking shears
embroidery scissors

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32
Q

Explain good of shears

A

long blades help make cutting straight, easier and faster

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33
Q

explain good of pinking shears

A

stops fraying
zig zag finish decorative

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34
Q

explain good of emroidery scissors

A

small bladed for delicate work and cutting threads

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35
Q

explain good of rotary cutting wheel

A

cuts accurate lines and curves
on multiple layers

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36
Q

Name 3 commercial cutting tools

A

textile band saw
electric rotary cutting wheel
laser cutter

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37
Q

explain good of textile band saw

A

fast and efficient
multiple layers can be cut

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38
Q

explain good of electric rotary cutting wheel

A

speeds up processs of cutting

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39
Q

explain good of laser cutter

A

CAM generated
very accurate
very fast

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40
Q

Explain the before process of cutting

A

pattern or template needed
pinned to fabric for tracing (included seam allowance)
pattern markings added for correct assembling

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41
Q

What is seam allowance

A

additional amount of fabric needed for seam turning

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42
Q

Define sewing

A

joings fabrics together or fastens objects using needle and thread
hand or machine

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43
Q

why is machine sewing better

A

neater
quicker
stringer

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44
Q

why is hand sewing useful

A

fine,delicate works
small repairs and restoration

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45
Q

What is a seam

A

joins two pieces of fabric together

46
Q

Explain a straight (running) stitch

A

basic
quick and easy
used to tack cloth before seaming
dashed line effect

47
Q

explain a back stitch

A

loops back over itself
more durable than straight
finished look as solid line

48
Q

explain chain stitch

A

chain and looped
decorative
tesion loose
chain shape

49
Q

explain blanket stitch

A

traditionally found on blankets like fleece
durable edge
prevent fluffy strands coming away from edges
decorative

50
Q

explain zig zag stitch

A

reinforced areas prone to stress like buttonholes
or sewing stretchy fabrics
prevent fray by enclosing raw edge

51
Q

explain overlock stitch

A

overlocker machine
create durable edge,hem,seam over 1/2 of cloth
faster and can hold more reels

52
Q

Nmae 3 types of pleating

A

box pleats
accordion
knife

53
Q

explain good of pleating

A

adds folds for volume and texture
inc movement and strength

54
Q

How are pleats formed

A

doubling fabric back upon itself and keeping it in place
eg pressed, heat-set ir sewn

55
Q

What is gathering

A

sewing technique to manage fullness and shape

56
Q

when or where is gathering used

A

waitsband
cuffs
shoulder pieces
curtains for folds in length so it hangs well

57
Q

what is quilting

A

sewing several layers of fabric together to form a thick and warm structure
made up of decorative top layer, wadding and simpler backing material

58
Q

What is piping

A

forms a trim to define edges of cushions, upholstery and some garments

59
Q

How is piping formed

A

folding a strip of fabric over a length of piping cord and sewn along the edge

60
Q

why is piping fabric cut along the bias

A

make it easier to bend around corners and prevent puckering

61
Q

name 3 stock forms

A

rolls/bolts fabric
ball of yarn
reels yarn

62
Q

how are rolls/bolts sold

A

standard widths: 90,115,150cm
length varies w/how much u want

63
Q

how are balls of yarn sold

A

ball
skein
hank
sold by weight

64
Q

how are reels of yarn sold

A

variety of lengths
thickness measured in ply
eg 2-ply is 2 strand twisted/plied

65
Q

name 4 fastenings

A

zips
buttons and toggles
press stud/poppers
velcro

66
Q

explain zips

A

two rows of interlocking teeth which are opened/closed with a slider

67
Q

what are zips uses/facts

A

used to faten in openings like bags,jeans and sleeping bags
made of metal or plastic
secure
hardwearing and washable

68
Q

what are buttons/toggles made from

A

plastic
wood
metal
horn

69
Q

what are button facts

A

can be made to match fabric
replacable
can fall off/damaged in wash

70
Q

what are press studs/poppers

A

pair of interlocking discs made of metal or plastic

71
Q

what are poppers facts

A

hardwearing
washable
secure fastening device
quick fastening on shirts/coats

72
Q

what is velcro

A

two components:
one of tiny nylon hooks and other with loops
adjustable fastening

73
Q

what are some velcro facts/info

A

reusable
hardwearing
washable
used on childrens clothes/shoes
practical but not aesthetic
needs securley attatching- not long lasting

74
Q

What is natural dye made of

A

plants, invertebrates and minerals

75
Q

what is synthetic dye made from

A

chemical resouces and petroleum by-products

76
Q

what are dis/3 advantages of natural dyes

A

+although they are diverse range of rich colours,
-colour may vary with each batch
+not dependant on non-renewable sources
+non toxic

77
Q

what are dis/advantages of synthetic dyes

A

+long lasting and consistant colours
-some chemicals are toxic >can harm people/environment
-waste water needs to be carefully processed

78
Q

what is meant by commercial dyeing

A

industry dyes large volumes of fabrics used for producing househokd items/clothes

79
Q

what is continuous dyeing

A

large quantities of raw fabric rolls machine fed through tanks of dye
time/cost efficient for batch produce
steamed/dry heated to fix colour
washed, dried and wound ready for delivery

80
Q

what is batch dyeing

A

smaller quantity dyed spesific colour
enables manufacturer respond quickly to requests of colour
passed back and forth between tank of dye until colour fully used up/exhausted
fabric fixed, washed and dried

81
Q

what is stock dyeing

A

before being spun/woven
loose fibres put into large vats containing dye
heated so dye molecules absorbed by fibres until desired colour obtained
more control over colour for weavers

82
Q

what is hand dyeing best fabrics used in

A

linen or cotton

83
Q

what is resist dyeing

A

hand dyeing that prevents dye from reaching full fabric – batik

84
Q

what is the process of batik

A

hot wax used to mask an area in decorative pattern using tjanting
wax resists the dye so fabric is washed and undyed area reveal pattern

85
Q

what is tie-dye

A

hand dyeing method
consists of twisting,folding and crumpling fabric and holding it in place with string/elastic bands
folds and bands resist and prevent dye from reaching all of fabric

86
Q

Name 6 types of printing

A

screen
flatbed screen
rotary screen
sublimation
block
digital

87
Q

what is screen printing

A

popular low cost option for small print runs /tshirt designs

88
Q

what is the process of creen printing

A

wooden fram with mesh fabric stetched used
chosen design set into mesh with layer of light reactive emulsion which harden under light–stencil
printing ink poured over screen and pressed though fine mesh

89
Q

what are the dis/advantages of screen printing

A

+effective low cost option for striking designs with vibrant colours
-screen/stencils take time to make and colour applied seperately –not time efficient

90
Q

what is flatbed printing

A

use of several screens at once

91
Q

what is the process of flatbed screening

A

fabric laid firmly across conveyor, screens lowered and ink applied
fabric will be programmed to move along conveyor a controlled length at a time

92
Q

What is rotary screen printing

A

most freq used in commercial method as continuous production

93
Q

what is the process of rotary screen printing

A

horizontal cylinder used instead of screen each cylinder to produce diff layer of colour
ink resevoirs pump the ink through the inside of cylinder
as rolled across, squeegee pushes ink out in controlled amounts

94
Q

What is sublimation printing

A

applies sublimation inks on fabric using combination of heat and pressure

95
Q

what is the process of sublimation printing

A

dye based inks are printed on sublimation paper
paper laid onto fabric and heat pressed
heat turns inks in paper from solid to gaseous state which penertrate fibres of fabric
polyester fibres are most suitable as heat opens pores for absorbtion

96
Q

What is block printing

A

ink dipped block made of wood or linoleum pressed into fabric
pattern cut into block leaving a raised design whcih takes the ink

97
Q

what are the dis/advantages of block printing

A

+gives complete control over hand printing design
+easily repeated and colour changes
-after every use, needs to be washed if using another colour

98
Q

what is digital printing

A

ink-jet form printing where rolls of fabric are fed through printer and ink is applied to surface in form of 100s tiny droplets
heat/steam to cure fabric and ensure ink set

99
Q

what are the dis/advantages of digital printing

A

+more complex/intricate design/pattern produced using graphic design software
+small runs of fabric can be printed, adopting a lean/JIT method
-setup and equip costy

100
Q

what is weaving

A

interlaces two sets of yarn at right angles to form fabric

101
Q

what are the weft and warp in weaving

A

warp: run on length
weft: run across the width
depending where you look will determine horizontalness or verticalness

102
Q

name two common weaves

A

plain and twill

103
Q

how does modern textiles help with industrial weaving

A

large scale industrial looms
CAD designs computer controlled
increased automation = consistent and fault free textiles with faster productivity rate

104
Q

name 5 surface treatments/finishes

A

stain protection
water repellency
mould&rot protection
printing
embossing

105
Q

what is stain protection

A

chemical process which prevents water/oil-based spills from attatching themselves to fabric and affecting colour

106
Q

where is stain protection used

A

carpets
furnishings
shoesw

107
Q

what is water rpellency

A

silicone based chemicals can be added to fabrics to provide durable barrier

108
Q

what is mould/rot protection

A

PVC coating or waterproofing coat
heavy duty canvas can be treated and then finished with flame retardant

109
Q

what is printing as a finish

A

die-cut decals produced on specialised flim or papers for heat transfer onto cloth
striking designs for all apparel

110
Q

what is embossing

A

fabric passed through heated, decorative rollers that will press pattern into texture of cloth

Textiles (9 decks)

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