Section B: Textiles Flashcards
Name the 4 natural fibres
silk
wool
cotton
linen
What three fribres are staple?
wool
cotton
linen
Name examples of cotton products
denim
corduroy
towels
furnishings and curtains
What are the properties of cotton?
durable
soft/warm
abrasion resistant
What easy after care can cotton have?
machine wash
tumble dry
hot iron
Name examples of linen products
upholstery
cloths
wallpapers
household linens
Name properties of linen
absorbent
durable
strong
creases easily
What easy after care can linen go though?
dry clean
hot wash hot iron
Name wool products
jersey
tweed jumpers
suits
Name properties of wool
absorbent
soft/warm
renewable and biodegradable
flame resistant
good insulator
What easy after care can wool go through?
dry clean/ machine washes
medium iron on wrong side
Name examples of slik products
chiffon
raw silk
Name properties of silk
absorbent
warm
drapes
lustrous
What easy after care can silk go through?
dry clean
hand wash
low iron on wrong side
Name examples of acrylic products
fleece
wool-like fabrics
carpets
furnishings
soft toys
Name properties of elastane/lycra/spandex
great tensile strength
elasticity
shape retention
light weight
fast drying
Name properties of nylon/polyamide
elastic
tough
abrasion resistant
smooth/soft
easy to wash/dye
Name properties of polyester
strong
elastic
crease resistant
spun for polycotton: lightweight,cool and less likely to wrinkle
explain abrasion resistant
eg polyester is tough and hardwearing
fast drying and lightweight
used in backpacks, sails and tents
Explain absobency
moisture wicking fabrics like nylon or polyester draw moisture away from body & dry rapidly keep wearer dry when exercising
Explain elasticity
elastane/lycra are elastic while retaining its shape
provides comfort and flexibiklity in sportswear/swim
heard wearing and quick drying
Explain flame retardants
chemically treated fabrics made to be more resistant to fires like upholstery have been tested agains british guidelines for the okay sign
Name 5 flame retardant products
childrens nightwear
theatre curtains
racing drivers clothes
protective workwear
furnishings
Explain lamination process
lamination: fueses 2/+ layers of fabric together with heat,adhesives and pressure
Common uses of lamination x6
outdoor clothing/ rainwear
outdoor curshions/seating
restaurant seating
car covers
wall coverings
baby bibs
How do laminated fibres protect?
provides barrier against dirt, grease,liquids and bacteria
How do laminated fibres preserve?
prevents staining
fading or tearing
How do laminated fibres prove to be easy to maintain?
provides an easy wipe surface
How do laminated fibres durable
inc durability
weather resistance
reduces wear and tear
How do laminated fibres aesthetics
improve surface of textiles
eg blinds/curtains
Name 4 common cutting tools
shears
rotary cutting wheel
pinking shears
embroidery scissors
Explain good of shears
long blades help make cutting straight, easier and faster
explain good of pinking shears
stops fraying
zig zag finish decorative
explain good of emroidery scissors
small bladed for delicate work and cutting threads
explain good of rotary cutting wheel
cuts accurate lines and curves
on multiple layers
Name 3 commercial cutting tools
textile band saw
electric rotary cutting wheel
laser cutter
explain good of textile band saw
fast and efficient
multiple layers can be cut
explain good of electric rotary cutting wheel
speeds up processs of cutting
explain good of laser cutter
CAM generated
very accurate
very fast
Explain the before process of cutting
pattern or template needed
pinned to fabric for tracing (included seam allowance)
pattern markings added for correct assembling
What is seam allowance
additional amount of fabric needed for seam turning
Define sewing
joings fabrics together or fastens objects using needle and thread
hand or machine
why is machine sewing better
neater
quicker
stringer
why is hand sewing useful
fine,delicate works
small repairs and restoration
What is a seam
joins two pieces of fabric together
Explain a straight (running) stitch
basic
quick and easy
used to tack cloth before seaming
dashed line effect
explain a back stitch
loops back over itself
more durable than straight
finished look as solid line
explain chain stitch
chain and looped
decorative
tesion loose
chain shape
explain blanket stitch
traditionally found on blankets like fleece
durable edge
prevent fluffy strands coming away from edges
decorative
explain zig zag stitch
reinforced areas prone to stress like buttonholes
or sewing stretchy fabrics
prevent fray by enclosing raw edge
explain overlock stitch
overlocker machine
create durable edge,hem,seam over 1/2 of cloth
faster and can hold more reels
Nmae 3 types of pleating
box pleats
accordion
knife
explain good of pleating
adds folds for volume and texture
inc movement and strength
How are pleats formed
doubling fabric back upon itself and keeping it in place
eg pressed, heat-set ir sewn
What is gathering
sewing technique to manage fullness and shape
when or where is gathering used
waitsband
cuffs
shoulder pieces
curtains for folds in length so it hangs well
what is quilting
sewing several layers of fabric together to form a thick and warm structure
made up of decorative top layer, wadding and simpler backing material
What is piping
forms a trim to define edges of cushions, upholstery and some garments
How is piping formed
folding a strip of fabric over a length of piping cord and sewn along the edge
why is piping fabric cut along the bias
make it easier to bend around corners and prevent puckering
name 3 stock forms
rolls/bolts fabric
ball of yarn
reels yarn
how are rolls/bolts sold
standard widths: 90,115,150cm
length varies w/how much u want
how are balls of yarn sold
ball
skein
hank
sold by weight
how are reels of yarn sold
variety of lengths
thickness measured in ply
eg 2-ply is 2 strand twisted/plied
name 4 fastenings
zips
buttons and toggles
press stud/poppers
velcro
explain zips
two rows of interlocking teeth which are opened/closed with a slider
what are zips uses/facts
used to faten in openings like bags,jeans and sleeping bags
made of metal or plastic
secure
hardwearing and washable
what are buttons/toggles made from
plastic
wood
metal
horn
what are button facts
can be made to match fabric
replacable
can fall off/damaged in wash
what are press studs/poppers
pair of interlocking discs made of metal or plastic
what are poppers facts
hardwearing
washable
secure fastening device
quick fastening on shirts/coats
what is velcro
two components:
one of tiny nylon hooks and other with loops
adjustable fastening
what are some velcro facts/info
reusable
hardwearing
washable
used on childrens clothes/shoes
practical but not aesthetic
needs securley attatching- not long lasting
What is natural dye made of
plants, invertebrates and minerals
what is synthetic dye made from
chemical resouces and petroleum by-products
what are dis/3 advantages of natural dyes
+although they are diverse range of rich colours,
-colour may vary with each batch
+not dependant on non-renewable sources
+non toxic
what are dis/advantages of synthetic dyes
+long lasting and consistant colours
-some chemicals are toxic >can harm people/environment
-waste water needs to be carefully processed
what is meant by commercial dyeing
industry dyes large volumes of fabrics used for producing househokd items/clothes
what is continuous dyeing
large quantities of raw fabric rolls machine fed through tanks of dye
time/cost efficient for batch produce
steamed/dry heated to fix colour
washed, dried and wound ready for delivery
what is batch dyeing
smaller quantity dyed spesific colour
enables manufacturer respond quickly to requests of colour
passed back and forth between tank of dye until colour fully used up/exhausted
fabric fixed, washed and dried
what is stock dyeing
before being spun/woven
loose fibres put into large vats containing dye
heated so dye molecules absorbed by fibres until desired colour obtained
more control over colour for weavers
what is hand dyeing best fabrics used in
linen or cotton
what is resist dyeing
hand dyeing that prevents dye from reaching full fabric – batik
what is the process of batik
hot wax used to mask an area in decorative pattern using tjanting
wax resists the dye so fabric is washed and undyed area reveal pattern
what is tie-dye
hand dyeing method
consists of twisting,folding and crumpling fabric and holding it in place with string/elastic bands
folds and bands resist and prevent dye from reaching all of fabric
Name 6 types of printing
screen
flatbed screen
rotary screen
sublimation
block
digital
what is screen printing
popular low cost option for small print runs /tshirt designs
what is the process of creen printing
wooden fram with mesh fabric stetched used
chosen design set into mesh with layer of light reactive emulsion which harden under light–stencil
printing ink poured over screen and pressed though fine mesh
what are the dis/advantages of screen printing
+effective low cost option for striking designs with vibrant colours
-screen/stencils take time to make and colour applied seperately –not time efficient
what is flatbed printing
use of several screens at once
what is the process of flatbed screening
fabric laid firmly across conveyor, screens lowered and ink applied
fabric will be programmed to move along conveyor a controlled length at a time
What is rotary screen printing
most freq used in commercial method as continuous production
what is the process of rotary screen printing
horizontal cylinder used instead of screen each cylinder to produce diff layer of colour
ink resevoirs pump the ink through the inside of cylinder
as rolled across, squeegee pushes ink out in controlled amounts
What is sublimation printing
applies sublimation inks on fabric using combination of heat and pressure
what is the process of sublimation printing
dye based inks are printed on sublimation paper
paper laid onto fabric and heat pressed
heat turns inks in paper from solid to gaseous state which penertrate fibres of fabric
polyester fibres are most suitable as heat opens pores for absorbtion
What is block printing
ink dipped block made of wood or linoleum pressed into fabric
pattern cut into block leaving a raised design whcih takes the ink
what are the dis/advantages of block printing
+gives complete control over hand printing design
+easily repeated and colour changes
-after every use, needs to be washed if using another colour
what is digital printing
ink-jet form printing where rolls of fabric are fed through printer and ink is applied to surface in form of 100s tiny droplets
heat/steam to cure fabric and ensure ink set
what are the dis/advantages of digital printing
+more complex/intricate design/pattern produced using graphic design software
+small runs of fabric can be printed, adopting a lean/JIT method
-setup and equip costy
what is weaving
interlaces two sets of yarn at right angles to form fabric
what are the weft and warp in weaving
warp: run on length
weft: run across the width
depending where you look will determine horizontalness or verticalness
name two common weaves
plain and twill
how does modern textiles help with industrial weaving
large scale industrial looms
CAD designs computer controlled
increased automation = consistent and fault free textiles with faster productivity rate
name 5 surface treatments/finishes
stain protection
water repellency
mould&rot protection
printing
embossing
what is stain protection
chemical process which prevents water/oil-based spills from attatching themselves to fabric and affecting colour
where is stain protection used
carpets
furnishings
shoesw
what is water rpellency
silicone based chemicals can be added to fabrics to provide durable barrier
what is mould/rot protection
PVC coating or waterproofing coat
heavy duty canvas can be treated and then finished with flame retardant
what is printing as a finish
die-cut decals produced on specialised flim or papers for heat transfer onto cloth
striking designs for all apparel
what is embossing
fabric passed through heated, decorative rollers that will press pattern into texture of cloth
