Section B 1️⃣ Flashcards
What are the 4 sales of production?
Prototype - e.g. custom built chair
Batch - e.g. limited edition trainers
Mass - e.g. iPhones
Continuous - e.g. milk
What is a prototype?
Prototypes are bespoke items that are designed for, or commissioned by individual clients and are classified as one-off products. Theses are one-off versions and are used to test out ideas and receive feedback from potential clients
What is batch production?
Batch production is a method of production used when a certain number of identical products are required. This is known as a batch, as they will all have been produced together. A batch could contain a small or large amount of products e.g. Jordans
What is Mass production?
Mass-produced products tend to be items that are in consistent use/demand and its design doesn’t change significantly. Electronic products such as the iPhone and even large assembled products such as cars are good examples. The difference between mass and continuous production is that mass-produced products are discontinued after a certain amount of time, whereas continuously produced products don’t tend to stop being produced.
What is continuous production?
Continuous production is very similar to mass production although the products tend to be continuously produced to create mass amounts of stock everywhere around the world. For example, milk is in stock almost everywhere all around the world, at all times. This is because it is being continuously produced.
What is turning?
The art of fashioning/ shaving peices of wood or blocks into various forms and shapes by means of a lathe.
What is a lathe?
A tool used for turning wood - shaving wood into intracate and symmetrical objects e.g. bannisters/ lamps
Label this lathe
- On/ Off switch
- Bed
- Locking handle
- Tool rest
- Taper centre
- Tailstock
- Tailstock lock
List some common products produced by turning
Table legs, Bannisters, Lamps, Bowls
Name all 3 types of saws
- rip saw
- tennon saw
- coping saw
What is a chisel?
A cutting tool with a sharpened edge at the end of a metal blade - often used in companion with a mallet - can be used to shape/ remove slithers/ chunks of wood
What is chopping?
(in terms of a chisel)
Using a mallet along side your chisel for larger actions e.g. removing large portions of wood
Using your hands to push the chisel along the wood - usually for taking off smaller ammounts of material e.g. small slithers of wood
How does a lathe work?
- wood inside it placed on the tool rest and the taper centre would start removing mateiral by the turning of the handle
- the speed of the lathe can be altered to increase accuracy and smoothness
- longer wood can require additonal support
- can rotate to allow for higher accuracy when shaping/ removing material
What is a production aid?
An object that is used when producing multiple of the same product to speed up the manufacturing process and to maintain high levels of accuracy in production.
What are some examples of a production aid?
A jig or a template
What is a rasp?
A hand tool used for taking of large chunks of wood/ material easily although it has a quite rough finish
What is a file?
A hand tool used to smooth larger objects, commonly used after a rasp to smooth the rough surface left behind
What is a tennon saw specifically used for?
Cutting straight lines through wood
What is a coping saw specifically used for?
Cutting wood in straight, but also curved lines. It’s also capable of cutting internal shapes within pieces of wood
What is a rip saw specifically used for?
Cutting all the way through wood, commonly used for larger pieces of wood
What are the 6 R’s
R educe
R efuse
R e-use
R epair
R ecycle
R ethink
What can timber and manufactured boards be used for?
Scaffolding, furnature, door frames etc
Is timber easily sourced?
Yes, timber/ wood is very easy to source
Is bulk buying an affective method when purchasing timber?
Yes, it can reduce transportation costs overall
What is a tension force?
A pulling force
What is a torsion force?
A twisiting force applied to both or one end of a material
What is a shear force?
Forces acting across a mateiral in opposite directions
What is a compression force?
A pushing force which is inwards
What is a bending force?
Forces at an angle
What is lamination?
Bonding two or more materials to improvea products strength, stability and sometimes flexability. Wood lamination is when you layer multiple pieces of wood onto eachother and bond them together to form a harder mateiral
What is deforestation?
Chopping down mass ammounts of trees in one specific targeted area
What is mining?
When you dig down into the earth & excavate areas to gather primary materials such as metals
What is drilling?
When you drill a hole down into the earth to extract fuels from the fuels from the ground below
What is farming?
When you grow something and harvest it but continue to plant it
What is atmosphereic pollution?
When the air in certain areas is contimaninated and is unhealthy to inhale
What is oceanic pollution?
When mass ammounts of waste products are dumped into the oceamn & consequently damaging/ killing ecosystems
What is conversion?
Conversion is when stripped logs are taken to the sawmill & are cut into planks using equipment such as circular saws. At this point the word is known as TIMBER
What is seasoning?
Seasoning is when timber is seasoned to reduce moisture. It’s seasoned either by air drying or kiln drying.
How are timbers seasoned via air drying?
When timbers are air dried they are stacked so evaporation can take place easily, takes around one year to fully dry
How are timbers seasoned via kiln drying?
When timbers are dried in the kiln they are dried much faster than air drying, although it cost much more to dry timbers this way
What is felling?
When a tree is felled it is cut into manageable lengths. This is normally done in winter when the tree has less moisture
What is debarking?
When a tree is stripped down to just the log. All bark and branches are removed and the now logs are ready to be converted into timbers
What is rough cut timber?
A stock form of timber where its rough and not finished, commonly used for exterior tasks/ construction
What is planned timber?
A stock form of timber that is commonly left in planks with a smooth finish & is more suitible where a quality finish is required
How is mdf/ chipboard produced?
- The wasted branches from debarking are collected and fed into a chipper to produce small wood chips
- Small wood chipds are placed into resin to bind them all together
- Mixture is then hearted and compressed to produce a sheet of chipboard/ MDF
Why are manufactured boards sometimes more usefull during construction than generic wood types?
Becase they are manmade, they can be made exactly to fit the required measurements fo a product - can generally be produced in much larger solid planks/ timbers
What are the most common stock forms of timber?
- Planned timber
- Rough-cut timber
- planks
- boards
- mouldings
- dowels
- veneers
- cladding
What is a dautum point?
A point from which all measurements are taken - increases accuracy
Give examples of wastage processes
- Turning
- sawing
- milling
- routing
- sanding
Give examples of a deforming process
- Steam bending
- Melting
- Injection moulding
Give examples of an addition process
- Lamination
- 3D printing
- Adhereing adhesives
Label this router
What is dimensional accuracy?
Dimensional accuracy is used to compare the dimensions of a product to its intended specifications. (form of quality control)
What are all the types of forces?
- compression
- tension
- sheer
- torsion
- bending
What is an example of a class 1 lever?
A pair of scissors/ seesaw
What is an example of a class 2 lever?
A wheelbarrow
What is an example of a class 3 lever?
Tweesers
What are the 3 types of linkages/?
- push-pull linkage
- bell crank linkage
- reverse motion linkage
Name an alloyed metal
Brass (zinc and copper)
Why are metals alloyed?
- alloying metals can improve working properties and aesthetics
- to produce tougher or corrosion resitstant versions of metals e.g. stainless steel
- alloying is combining two or more metals together to give enhanced properties
What is a negative to composite materials?
Upon being used its difficult to separate the combined materials which can prove difficult when recyling or attempting to biodegrade a material / do not degrade easily if littered - which foil lined board is frequrently as its used for fast food take aways
What is a LCA?
A way for companies to assess the environmental impact of the product of all stages in its life/ usefull life
Label this LCA
