Section A 1️⃣ Flashcards
Where is softwood sourced from?
Coniferous trees (evergreen trees)
What is a production aid?
A production aid is an object/ tool to assist you in the mass production of objects. An example of a production aid would be a template or a jig.
Where is hardwood sourced from?
Deciduous trees (drops leaves in winter)
What is a wastage process?
A wastage process is a process in which material is removed/ cut away using various tools and equipment e.g drill
What is a deforming process?
A deforming process is a process where materials are reshaped into another via processes like bending.
What is varnish?
Varnish is a translucent and provides a hard, protective finish to wood
Name 5 finishes that can be applied to timber?
- Varnish
- Wood stain
- Paint
- Wax
- Oil
What does finishing timber with oil do?
- Clogs the pores of the wood, therefore making it weather resistant and waterproof
- accentuates wood grain
- prevents warping/ rotting of wood
What does finishing timber with wax do?
Very similar to oil,
- Clogs the pores of the wood, therefore making it weather resistant and waterproof
And prevents warping/ rotting of wood
What does finishing timber with varnish do?
- Makes wood look shiny
- Provides protective layer around wood e.g prevents scratches
- Clogs pores of the wood, therefore making it weather resistant and waterproof
What does finishing timber with wood stain do?
- Makes wood different colour
What is Tantalising?
When a preservative is added to wood via the wood being flooded with the preservative, forcing it inside all of the woods pores. Therefore clogging the pores of the wood and protecting it from rain, rot, decay, insects and give it a longer life outside.
What are the 4 steps of tantalising?
- Wood is placed into a tank, a vacuum is created by drawing out all the air
- The tank is flooded with a preservative treatment
- Pressure is applied, forcing the preservative deep into the wood
- Excess preservative is drained from the wood and then the wood is left to dry
What are the 2 main stock forms of timber?
Planned timber & Rough-cut timber
What is planned timber?
Planned timber is a stock form of timber and is smoother than rough-cut timber, but is more expensive
What is rough-cut timber?
Rough-cut timber is a stock form of timber where the wood is cut into untreated planks/boards.
What are mouldings?
Mouldings are specially shaped sections of wood that are commonly used for frames, architraves and skirting boards
What are 8 wastage processes for timber?
- Drilling
- Sawing
- Turning
- Routing
- Pillar drill
- Jigsaw
- Milling
- Laser Cutter
What is one addition process for timber?
Lamination
What is one Deforming process for timber?
Bending
What does CNC mean?
Computer numerical controlled
What is a wood lathe?
A wood lathe is the tool you would use when turning. It is used to cut perfectly symmetrical shapes along wood, it is also capable of rotating for more accuracy
What is a router?
Routers are used to make a groove along the side of a piece of wood
What is a jigsaw?
A jigsaw is a general cutting and shaping tool - they are ideal for cutting thin boards like plywood or MDF, they are capable of cutting very detailed curved
What are the 3 types of saw?
Coping saw, tennon saw and a rip saw
What are the three types of manufactured boards?
Plywood, chipboard and MDF (medium density fiberboard)
What does FSC stand for?
Forest stewardship council
What are the 5 types of hardwood?
Oak, beech, mahogany, ash and balsa
What are the 3 types of softwood?
Spruce, pine and larch
What is a finite resource?
A finite resource is a resource that is limited in supply & will eventually run out & cannot he replaced
What is a non-finite resource?
A non-finite resource is a resource that will not run out & are abundant in supply
What is deforestation?
Deforestation is the removal of trees/ a forest from an area that is then converted for non- forest use
What is a cooperative?
A company that is completely run by its members to ensure a fair and equal democracy throughout the company to optimise its success. They are in place to protect the rights of all members in the company to ensure just and fair terms and conditions. e.g. John Lewis & Co-op
What is crowdfunding?
A method of raising money in order to provide for a designer to be able to afford to manufacture their product. e.g. go fund me & kick starter
What is virtual Marketing?
A method of using websites/ social media to promote a product to a wider audience to increase interaction and sales. YouTube and Facebook are popular platforms where lots of virtual marketing and promotion takes place.
What is fair trade?
An arrangement that strives for better prices, working conditions and especially better relationships with farmers in developing countries e.g. to achieve sustainable and equitable trade relationships.
What is an oscillating motion?
A motion around a fixed point e.g. a swing
What is a linear motion?
A motion in one direction e.g. a train
What is a Rotary motion?
A motion in a circular form e.g. wheels on a car
What is a reciprocating motion?
A motion going back and forward/ up and down e.g. needle on a sewing machine
What lever class is this?
Class 2
What lever class is this?
Class 1
What lever class is this?
Class 3
What is a carbon footprint?
A measure of the total amount of greenhouse gasses generated by a person/ company’s actions
What is a thermochromic material?
A material that changes colour when exposed to heat
What is a hydrochromic material?
A material that changes colour when exposed to water/ moisture
What is a photochromic material?
A material that changes colour when exposed to light
What is absorbency?
The tendency to attract of take in an element - usually water
What is density?
The mass of a material per unit volume
What is fusibility?
The ability of a material to be converted through heat into a liquid state (sometimes to be combined with another material)
What is electrical conductivity?
The ability for a material to conduct electricity
What is thermal conductivity?
The ability for a material to conduct heat
What is malleability?
The ability for a material to deform under force/ pressure
What is ducility?
The ability to be stretched or drawn to a thin strand without breaking
What is elasticity?
The ability to return to an original shape after compression
Descirbe a push and pull linkage
Two fixed pivots to make the input and output travel in the same direction, through a link arm
Describe a bell crank linkage
Bell crank linkages change the direction of force through 90°.
What is a working property?
How the material behaves when it is manipulated.
What is a physical property?
Physical properties are the traits a material has before it is used
What is a composite material?
A composite material. consists of two or more materials. with different properties to produce an enhanced material e.g. glass reinforced plastic
Give an example of a composite material?
kevlar - made from creating a chemical in a chemical reaction between an acid and a chemical solution containing nitrogen and hydrogen. This chemical (poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide) has a strong, lightweight material that has high tensile strength-to-weight ratio
What is planned obsolesence
Producing consumer goods that rapidly become obosolete and so require replacing by consumers
What is technology push?
A technological advancement that has enabled a new product to be developed
What is market pull?
A sudden increase in demand for a product due to a change in law/ trend
Why is it important to consdier fashion/ trends when designing products?
To make sure you are producing a marketable product that will sucseed in the current market
Why is it important to consider faiths/ belifs when designing a product?
To ensure your product can be interacted with by any group of people regardless of faith etc.. + to make sure product is inclusive/ not offensive to groups
What is inclusive design?
To make sure you are desiging for a wide range of people regardless of age/ height weight etc…
What is continuous improvement?
When a company culture that encourages all employees to look for ways to enhance the business’s operation
What is CAD?
Computer Aided Design - computer applications that are used to aid design
What is CAM?
Computer Aided Manufacture - machines/ processes that produce CAD drawings or illustrations in real life such as a 3D printer to laser cutter
What are Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)?
A collection of automated machines that are adaptable & are used in production lines where products frequently change - allowing for manufacturers to respond quickly to change e.g. market pull like a fashion trend
What is just in time manufacturing (JIT)?
Manufacturing according to customer demands efficiently, producing the correct ammounts of parts in the correct ammounts for when they are required
What is lean manufacturing?
Manufacture that is based on the ethos of eliminating waste in manufacture
What is design for maintenance?
Using easily sourced components that can easily be replaced/ repaired, making a product accessible for maintenence
What is design for disassembly?
When a product is designed so that it can be easily dissasembled for transportation or recycling
What is automation?
The use of automatic equipment in manufacturing
What is a kinetic-pumped storage system?
A kinetic-pumped storage system is a fast-acting electrical energy storage system to top up the National Grid power supply at peak times when more electricity is needed. A kinetic-pumped storage system works by having two reservoirs and a hydroelectric dam system.
How do kinetic-pumped storage systems work?
During the night excess electricity is produced by other electrical energy stations, meaning the cost of the electricity is much lower, so a kinetic-pump plant will pump the water from a lower reservoir up to a higher reservoir, where the water remains. When there is a sudden need for more electricity (spike) during the daytime, the dam is opened and the water from the top reservoir passes through pipes, spinning turbines to quickly produce the electricity needed.
Can batteries be disposed of in a bin?
No, they contain harmfull chemicals that, if disposed of incorrectly can contaminate the ground or poison wildlife that may eat them
What are the 2 types of batteries?
Alkaline & rechargable batteries
What are the pros/ cons to rechargable batteries?
- They are more expensive
- Can be recharged so last longer
- Still have a limirted life span as over time they loose overall battery life
- Are more economical in the long term than alkaline batteries
What is a smart material?
Materials that have one or more property that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by an external stimulus e.g. temperature, stress, pH etc
What is a reverse motion linkage?
Reverse motion linkages change the direction of input so that the output goes the opposite way
What chemical is kevlar made out of?
poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide
