Section A- The Challenge Of Natural Hazards Flashcards
What is the definition of natural hazard?
an extreme event that occurs naturally and causes harm to humans
name some natural hazards
heat waves
earthquake
hurricaines
heavy snow
how does geographical location affect hazard risk?
position of countries means more are at bigger risk than others
e.g phillipines is prone to natural hazards
how does population density and distribution affect hazard risk?
fewer people living in an area means lower death rate
how does time affect hazard risk?
if you are asleep less likely to hear a warning or know about it
how does natural factors affect hazard risk?
e.g low lying areas are more likely to flood
how does frequency affect hazard risk?
people will be more prepared if they are occur more often
how does magnitude affect hazard risk?
larger events have more potential for injury and death
how does education affect hazard risk?
don’t know how to deal with the hazard as well
how does wealth affect hazard risk?
richer countries more economically developed have better resources to predict prepare and protect
define plate tectonics
a theory in geology that the lithosphere of the earth is divided into plates which travel independently over the mantle
seismic activity occurs at the boundaries of these plates.
What is a destructive plate margin?
when an oceanic and continental plate move together
oceanic plate moves under continental
ocean trenches found here + himalayas
what is a constructive plate margin?
plates move apart
volcanoes are formed
mid atlantic ridge
what happens at a conservative plate margin?
plates slide past each other
create an earthquake
e.g= The San Andreas Fault
what happens at a collision zone?
two continental plates collide
form fold mountains- himalayas
primary effects of Christchurch earthquake
185 dead 2,000 injured water and sewage pipes damaged 50% of city buildings severely damaged 80% of the city without electricity liqueafaction (ground saturated and loses strength)
secondary effects of Christchurch earthquake
Business out of action-loss of jobs+income
schools shared classrooms
mentally effected
road damage hard for services to move around
couldn’t host rugby
short term responses of Christchurch earthquake
ensuring people were away from buildings chemical toilets provided for 30,000 areas were zoned to classify cost repairs international aid $6.7 mill aid workers
Long term responses of Christchurch earthquake
$898 mill building claims
temporary housing- ensured all damaged houses were water tight
water and sewage restored
80% of roads and 50% of footpaths repaired
when was the Christchurch earthquake?
22nd Feb 2011
primary effects of Nepal earthquake
8,000 dead
14,500 injured
buildings collapsed
dharahara tower demolished
why do people still live in areas of hazard risk?
volcanoes: minrals attract tourists fertile soil geothermal energy storms;(the coast) good climate fishing
how can monitoring a natural hazard reduce its risk?
You can see how much prep you need to do and what action may have to be taken
How can predicting a natural hazard reduce its risk?
people are aware and can prepare
how can preparing for a natural hazard reduce its risk?
move away from dangerous areas no injuries
collect valuables
how can protecting for a natural hazard reduce its risk?
double glazing
foundation sunk into the ground so building doesn’t fall over
rubber shock absorbers to absorb earth tremors
what is global circulation?
The global circulation can be described as the world-wide system of winds by which the necessary transport of heat from tropical to polar latitudes is accomplished.
when does high pressure occur?
when air is sinking
