Section 9: Attachment

Question 1

Smiling is done in response to the environment at

Answer 1

1-2 months

Question 2

Smiling is done in response to people at

Answer 2

2-3 months

Question 3

1. Big eyes
2. Big forehead
3. Tiny nose and mouth
4. Proportions of child’s face different from adult face

Answer 3

Kewpie doll look

Question 4

Develops between 7 and 9 months

Answer 4

Attachment

Question 5

4 signs of attachment:

Answer 5

1. Seek to be near primary caregivers
2. Show distress if separated from caregivers
3. Happy when reunited with person to whom they are attached
4. Orient actions to their caregiver

Question 6

Signals are

Answer 6

responses by infant that bring about proximity through someone else’s actions

Question 7

Executors are

Answer 7

actions infant can take

Question 8

infant able to recognize that they can influence the outside world is called

Answer 8

contingency detection

Question 9

The 4 stages of attachment are:

Answer 9

1. Preattachment
2. Attachment in the making
3. Clear-cut attachment phase
4. Reciprocal relationship

Question 10

In the preattachment phase,

Answer 10

a. 0-6wks

b. Remain in close contact with caregivers, but don’t get upset when left alone with unfamiliar caregivers

Question 11

In the attachment in the making phase,

Answer 11

a. 6wk-6/8months
b. Begin to respond differently to familiar and unfamiliar people
c. At 6/7 months show preference for familiar caregivers and wariness of unfamiliar objects and people

Question 12

In the clear cut attachment phase

Answer 12

a. 6/8-18/24 months
b. Mother becomes a secure base from which babies make explorations and come back to to renew contact
c. Display separation anxiety
d. When distance between attachment figures and child becomes too great, one is likely to reduce that distance

Question 13

in the reciprocal relationship phase

Answer 13

a. 18-24 months
b. Pair share responsibility for maintaining equilibrium of attachment system
c. When in separate activities pair will occasionally stop and renew contact

Question 14

conducted research with the strange situation test

Answer 14

Mary Ainsworth

Question 15

The 4 forms of attachment are:

Answer 15

1. secure
2. insecure avoidant
3. insecure resistant
4. disorganized

Question 16

In a secure attachment in the strange situation

Answer 16

i. Children play comfortably and react positively to a stranger as long as their mother is present
ii. Become upset when their mother leaves and are unlikely to be consoled by a stranger
iii. Calm down as soon as their mother reappears

Question 17

In an avoidant attachment in the SS

Answer 17

i. Infants are indifferent to where their mother is sitting
ii. May or may not cry when their mother leaves
iii. As likely to be comforted by strangers as by their mother
iv. Are indifferent when their mother returns to the room

Question 18

In a resistant attachment in the SS

Answer 18

i. Infants stay close to their mother and appear anxious even when their mother is near
ii. They become very upset when their mother leaves but are not comforted by their return
iii. They simultaneously seek renewed contact with their mother and resist their mother’s efforts to comfort them

Question 19

In a disorganized attachment in the SS

Answer 19

i. Infants seem to lack a coherent method for dealing with stress
ii. They may behave in seemingly contradictory ways, such as screaming for their mother but moving away when she moves away
iii. In extreme cases, they may seem dazed
iv. Usually a transitory state

Question 20

Factors influencing quality of attachment

Answer 20

Outcome variable
Contextual variable
Process variable
Person variable

Question 21

Outcome variable is

Answer 21

quality of attachment

Question 22

Contextual variable is

Answer 22

Presence/absence of social support

Question 23

Process variable is

Answer 23

i. Interactions between mother and infant

ii. Goodness of fit: features of mom and features of child together

Question 24

Person variable

Answer 24

elements specific to the individual (e.g. teen mom)

Question 25

A Goal-corrected partnership is

Answer 25

Two people involved in attachment will modify their own behavior for the other or will signal for change in behavior in other given situation

Question 26

At this age, infants’ contributions to secondary intersubjectivity become more sophisticated:

Answer 26

9-12 months

Question 27

At this age, can’t follow gaze or pointing

Answer 27

5 months

Question 28

At this age, can follow gaze and pointing

Answer 28

6-7 months

Question 29

Perceptual scaffolding is when

Answer 29

familiar words serve as an anchor for learning the words immediately before or after

Question 30

Jargoning is when

Answer 30

when baby begins to babble with intonation and stress of actual utterances in the language

Question 31

Concluded there are 9 traits of temperament

Answer 31

Chess & Thomas

Question 32

The 9 traits of temperament

Answer 32

a. Activity level
b. Rhythmicity
c. Approach-withdrawal:
d. Adaptability
e. Threshold of responsiveness:
f. Intensity of reaction
g. Quality of mood
h. Distractibility
i. Attention span/persistence

Question 33

Rhythmicity is

Answer 33

regularity and predictability of child’s basic biological functions

Question 34

Approach-withdrawal is

Answer 34

response to novelty

Question 35

Threshold of responsiveness is

Answer 35

the intensity level required in order for a stimulus to evoke a response

Question 36

Three temperament categories

Answer 36

easy
difficult
slow to warm up

Question 37

Scientist who determined the three dimensions of temperament variation

Answer 37

Mary Rothbart

Question 38

The 3 dimensions of temperament variation:

Answer 38

a. Reactivity:
b. Affect:
c. Self-regulation

Question 39

Reactivity is

Answer 39

the characteristic level of arousal, or activeness

Question 40

Affect is

Answer 40

the dominant emotional tone, gloomy or cheerful

Question 41

Self-regulation is

Answer 41

control over what one attends to and reacts to