Section 7: Cognitive Development Flashcards
In substage 1 of the sensorimotor period:
Newborn learns to control and coordinate reflexes
In substage 2 of the sensorimotor period:
Newborn begins to modify and repeat behaviors (eg thumb sucking), mostly because it is pleasurable
In substage 3 of the sensorimotor period:
Reproducing interesting events
a. 4-8 month olds begin to direct their attention and actions to the external world
b. Leads to repetition of actions that bring interesting changes in environment
c. Secondary circular reactions
secondary circular reactions are
object-oriented actions
In substage 4 of the sensorimotor period:
Emergence of intentionality
a. 8-12 month olds
b. Only occurs when infant can directly perceive objects and people in question, each an “image which reenters the void as soon as it vanishes and emerges for no apparent reason”
c. Intentionality in actions
In substage 5 of the sensorimotor period:
Exploring by experimenting
a. 12-18 months
b. Tertiary circular reactions
c. Experiments to find out nature of objects and events
d. Infants can’t reason systematically about actions and anticipate probable consequences
e. Not yet representational thinking
Tertiary circular reactions are
ability to vary actions of substage 4 systematically and flexibly
In substage 6 of the sensorimotor period:
Representation
a. 18-24 months
b. Base actions on representations
c. Engaging in “true” mental activities
d. Can solve problems more systematically (vs trial and error)
e. Symbolic play
f. Deferred imitation
g. Solve problems
h. Language
imitation of actions observed in the past is called
deferred imitation
motor perseveration is
repeat movement rather than modify it to fit new events)
the capture error is
tendency of people to continue using once-successful solutions whenever possible
categorizing has been shown as early as ____
3 months
______ (but NOT ______) respond to toy birds and airplanes as if they were members of the same category
7 month olds, 9 month olds
Four phases of attention:
- Phase 1: stimulus-detection reflex
- Phase 2: stimulus orienting
- Phase 3: sustained attention
- Phase 4: attention termination
In Phase 1 of attention,
a. Initial awareness of change in environment
b. Brief slowing then quickening of HR
In phase 2 of attention,
a. Attention fixed on stimulus
b. HR slows considerably
In phase 3 of attention,
a. HR slow
b. Cognitively processing stimulus
c. Baby’s body may become still
d. More difficult to distract baby
e. This is a voluntary state
f. This is where babies actively learn about and remember experiences
In phase 4 of attention,
a. Baby looking at object but no longer processing its information
b. HR begins to return to pre-stimulation levels
how long it takes for the child to process information through looking
visual attention
This age can sustain attention 5-10 seconds
3 months
how long the child looks at the object
visual fixation
when child is in novel situation, checks in with grownups it is called
social referencing
Primary intersubjectivity is when
2 people are paying attention to each other
Secondary intersubjectivity is when
2 people are looking at something else and sharing an emotion/experience about it
Ability to understand internal states is developed by _____, but not at ______
18 months, 14 months
