Section 6: Motor Development

Question 1

at what age can a baby raise their head, look around, smile when smiled at, can perform deliberate actions

Answer 1

3 months

Question 2

A reflex is

Answer 2

specific, well-integrated, automatic responses to specific types of stimuli

Question 3

Reflexes under control of what part of the brain?

Answer 3

mid-brain

Question 4

Babinski reflex

Answer 4

when the bottom of the baby’s foot is stroked, the toes fan out and then curl

Question 5

Moro reflex

Answer 5

If the baby is allowed to drop unexpectedly while being held or if there is a loud noise, it will throw the arms outward while arching the back and then bring the arms together as if grasping something

Question 6

When newborns reach for an object it is

Answer 6

“involuntary” reaching—not coordinated with open hand

Question 7

When 3 month olds reach for an object it is

Answer 7

“voluntary” reaching, coordination of reaching and opening hand/closing hand

Question 8

When 5 month olds reach for an object

Answer 8

they know when something is out of reach

Question 9

When 9 month olds reach for an object

Answer 9

it is a coordinated, smooth movement

Question 10

an action is

Answer 10

more complex and coordinated behaviors

Question 11

When a 6wk old baby nurses they:

Answer 11

i. Anticipate being fed when picked up
ii. Prepare themselves to feed by turning towards nipple and making sucking movements with their mouths without direct stimulation
iii. Can perform sucking, swallowing, etc. in an integrated sequence

Question 12

prereaching is when

Answer 12

infants will reach towards objects but cannot grasp them

Question 13

When do these changes occur:
changes in visual and motor areas of cerebral cortex
a. Allows visually guided reaching
b. Child can adjust trajectory of their arm to get arm close to the object
c. Can open fingers to grasp object
d. Can do these actions even when they can’t see their arm

Answer 13

3 months

Question 14

At 3 months, a child that is reaching can

Answer 14

a. Allows visually guided reaching
b. Child can adjust trajectory of their arm to get arm close to the object
c. Can open fingers to grasp object
d. Can do these actions even when they can’t see their arm

Question 15

fine motor skills are

Answer 15

development and coordination of small muscles

Question 16

Manual dexterity improves before/after reaching and grasping improve?

Answer 16

After

Question 17

At this age, can only do simple things with a spoon—bang it on table, dip it in bowl

Answer 17

10-12 months

Question 18

3. Coordination of fine motor movements increases significantly during _____

Answer 18

2nd year

Question 19

Gross motor skills are

Answer 19

involve large muscles, make locomotion possible

Question 20

During the first months of life, a child has what locomotive level

Answer 20

i. Movements primarily controlled by subcortical areas of the brain
ii. Infants may creep short distances
iii. Propelled by toes or knees

Question 21

During the 2nd month of life, a child has what locomotive level

Answer 21

reflexive pushing disappears

Question 22

At what age can a baby crawl on hands and knees

Answer 22

7-8 months

Question 23

At what age can a baby crawl can crawl on smooth, flat surfaces

Answer 23

8-9 months

Question 24

In early months, elimination is

Answer 24

reflex