Section 7 - Animal coordination, control and homeostasis - Homeostasis, glucose and diabetes

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 2

3 examples of homeostasis?

Answer 2

Blood glucose regulation, osmoregulation, and thermoregulation

Question 3

What and where is excess glucose stored as? And what and where if these stores are full?

Answer 3

Stored as glycogen in liver and in muscles

If liver and muscles full, then stored as lipid (fat) in tissues

Question 4

What monitors and controls changes in blood glucose and using which hormones?

Answer 4

Pancreas, using hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 5

What happens when blood glucose concentration is too high?

Answer 5

Insulin secreted by pancreas into blood. Glucose moves from blood into muscle cells and liver. Insulin makes liver turn glucose into glycogen so blood glucose reduced

Question 6

What happens when blood glucose concentration is too low?

Answer 6

Glucagon secreted by pancreas into blood. Glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose, which is then released into blood by liver so blood glucose increased

Question 7

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 7

Condition where pancreas produces little or no insulin, which can result in person’s blood glucose rising to level that can kill them

Question 8

What is insulin therapy?

Answer 8

Involves injecting insulin into blood often at mealtimes to make sure that glucose is removed from blood quickly once food has been digested. This stops level of glucose in blood getting too high

Question 9

3 treatment for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 9

Insulin therapy
Regular exercise to remove excess glucose from blood
Limiting intake of foods rich in simple carbohydrates which cause blood glucose level to rise rapidly

Question 10

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

Condition where pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or when person becomes resistant to insulin so blood glucose level rises

Question 11

Which type of people have an increased chance of developing type 2 diabetes?

Answer 11

Obese people (over 30 BMI)

Question 12

What waist-to-hip ratio is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes for men and women and how?

Answer 12

1.0m for men and 0.85m for women as it indicates that a lot of fat is being stored around abdomen

Question 13

5 ways of controlling type 2 diabetes?

Answer 13

Healthy diet, regular exercise, losing weight if needed, medication or insulin injections