Section 1 - Key concepts - Cells, specialised cells and microscopy

Question 1

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic - complex and include plant and animal cells

Prokaryotic - smaller and simpler, e.g. bacteria

Question 2

3 subcellular structures found in plant cells that aren’t found in animal cells?

Answer 2

Rigid cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts

Question 3

Function of ribosomes?

Answer 3

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 4

Function of mitochondria?

Answer 4

Where respiration takes place

Question 5

Function of chloroplasts?

Answer 5

Where photosynthesis takes place and contains chlorophyll

Question 6

Function of vacuole?

Answer 6

Contains cell sap and supports cell

Question 7

5 subcellular structures found in bacterial cells?

Answer 7

Chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, ribosomes, cell membrane, flagellum

Question 8

Function of chromosomal DNA?

Answer 8

Controls cell’s activities and replication

Question 9

Function of plasmid DNA?

Answer 9

Contain genes for drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria

Question 10

What are specialised cells?

Answer 10

Cells that have a structure which makes them adapted to their function

Question 11

Difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Answer 11

Haploid - contains 23 chromosomes

Diploid - contains 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 12

Why does a sperm cell have mitochondria and enzymes and where is each one stored?

Answer 12

Mitochondria - provide energy to swim, stored in middle section
Enzymes in acrosome (tip of head) - to break down egg’s membrane

Question 13

What do the coarse and fine adjustment knobs on a microscope do?

Answer 13

Coarse - moves stage up or down

Fine - Adjusts focus

Question 14

Formula for total magnification with lens?

Answer 14

Total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 15

Formula for magnification?

Answer 15

Magnification = image size ÷ real size

Question 16

Function of ciliated epithelial cells?

Answer 16

To move substances in one direction, along surface of tissue though the cilia (hair-like structures)

Question 17

Why does the lining of airways have lots of ciliated epithelial cells?

Answer 17

To move mucus up to throat so it can be swallowed and doesn’t reach lungs

Question 18

Units of measurement of cells from smallest to largest measurement and how do you convert from each one?

Answer 18

picometre (pm) => nanometre (nm) => micrometre (µm) => millimetre (mm)
x1000 to go down one unit