Section 3 - Genetics - Variation and the Human Genome Project

Question 1

2 things variation can be caused by?

Answer 1

Genetic and environmental

Question 2

What is genetic variation caused by?

Answer 2

Organisms having different alleles which can lead to different phenotype

Question 3

What are mutations caused by?

Answer 3

Changes to the base sequence of DNA

Question 4

What have researchers at HGP managed to do?

Answer 4

Map over 20,000 genes

Question 5

What was the big idea of HGP?

Answer 5

To find every single human gene

Question 6

3 ways HGP could help people?

Answer 6

• prediction and prevention of disease
• testing and treatment for inherited disorder
• new and better medicines

Question 7

How could prediction and prevention of diseases help people?

Answer 7

Could know what genes caused what diseases so can tell advice on diet/lifestyle or check regularly to ensure early treatment if disease developed

Question 8

How could testing and treatment for inherited disorders help people?

Answer 8

Scientists could identify genes and alleles suspected of causing inherited disorder quicker than in past and then test people for it. It could help develop better treatments or cure

Question 9

How could new and better medicines help people?

Answer 9

HGP helped know some variation affect how certain bodies react to certain disease and treatments. Scientists use this to create new drugs for people with variation and determine strength of existing drug

Question 10

3 drawbacks of HGP’s project and how?

Answer 10

• Increases stress - if know they’re susceptible to disease, lead to panic every time if get headache
• Gene-ism - people with genetic problems under pressure not to have children
• Discrimination by employer and insurers - life insurance impossible to get if genetic likelihood of serious disease and employers discriminate against people likely to get disease