Section 5 - Health, disease and the development of medicine - Health, disease and STI's

Question 1

What does the WHO define health as?

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

Difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

Answer 2

C - Diseases that can be spread between individuals

NC - Diseases that can’t be transmitted between individuals

Question 3

What are communicable diseases caused by?

Answer 3

Pathogens

Question 4

Cholera pathogen caused by, symptoms/effect, how it spreads, how. to reduce/prevent transmission?

Answer 4

Caused by bacterium called Vibrio cholerae
Causes diarrhoea
Spread via contaminated water sources
Prevent by making sure people have access to clean water supplies

Question 5

Tuberculosis pathogen caused by, symptoms/effect, how it spreads, how. to reduce/prevent transmission?

Answer 5

Caused by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Causes coughing and lung damage
Spreads through air when infected individuals cough
Reduce by infected people avoiding crowded public spaces, practise good hygiene and sleep alone. Home should be well-ventilated

Question 6

Malaria pathogen caused by, symptoms/effect, how it spreads, how. to reduce/prevent transmission?

Answer 6

Caused by a protist
Causes damage to red blood cells and, in severe cases, to the liver
Spreads by mosquitoes which pass on protist to humans but don’t get disease themselves
Prevent by use of mosquito nets and insect repellent to stop mosquitoes biting people

Question 7

Chalara ash diebackpathogen caused by, symptoms/effect, how it spreads, how. to reduce/prevent transmission?

Answer 7

Caused by fungus that infects ash trees
Causes leaf loss and bark lesions (wounds)
Spreads through air by wind. Also spreads when diseased ash trees moved between areas
Reduce by removing young, infected ash trees and replanting with different species. Restricting import or or movement of ash trees

Question 8

What does HIV infect and kill?

Answer 8

White blood cells, which are really important in immune response

Question 9

What happens to a person who eventually gets AIDS?

Answer 9

Immune system deteriorates and eventually fails, making them become very vulnerable to opportunistic infections by other pathogens

Question 10

How is HIV spread and 3 ways to prevent the spread of it?

Answer 10

Spread by body fluids
Prevent by using condom when having sex, drug users avoid sharing needles, medication to reduce risk of individual passing virus to others

Question 11

What can chlamydia result in?

Answer 11

Infertility in mean and women

Question 12

How is chlamydia spread and 3 ways to prevent spread of it?

Answer 12

Spread by bacterial infection

Prevent by using condom, screening individuals so treatment for infection, and avoid sexual contact