Section 6 - Sport, Society and Culture

Question 1

How can family influence participation ?

Answer 1

• parents might encourage or discourage sport
• if your family play sport then you are familiar with it at a young age
• if your family play sport you may have more opportunities

Question 2

How can friends influence participation ?

Answer 2

• you are influenced by people the same age as you

- if your friends play a sport you will want to join in

Question 3

How can role models affect participation ?

Answer 3

• encourage more people to play their sport

Question 4

How can gender influence the sports you play ?

Answer 4

• some sports have less media cover for women therefore have less female participation
• less coverage means less sponsors which means less opportunities
• gender stereotypes e.g. women shouldn’t be aggressive and vice versa

Question 5

How can ethnicity and religion influence participation ?

Answer 5

• some religions don’t compete on the sabbath
• punishments for racism are much more severe
• governing bodies have encouraged participation of sports
• policies like the ‘rooney rule’ in american football says you must interview at least one ethnic minority candidate for any head coaching job
• muslims can’t wear swimsuits

Question 6

How have sports been adapted for the disabled ?

Answer 6

• adapting sports e.g. wheelchair basketball
• creating new sports e.g. boccia (like bowls for wheelchairs) and goalball (like handball for the blind)
• including disabled and able bodied to play along side to challenge stereotypes
• given more media coverage e.g. paralymics
• more disabled role models e.g. ellie simmonds

Question 7

How can your socio-economic group effect participation ?

Answer 7

• the amount of money affects which sports you play e.g on equipment or fees
• some require specialist facilities
• some require transport
• if you work irregular hours you might miss training times
• if you work long hours or have family commitments then you don’t have the time to join a club

Question 8

How does age affect the sports you play ?

Answer 8

• 16-30 have lots of choices
• 50 > have physical limits
• high intensity / endurance events can damage bodies if started to young (age restrictions)
• young people have more spare time

Question 9

How does PE in school affect participation

Answer 9

• allows students to become familiar with sport
• some find it embarrassing
• some don’t like competing so school is better
• can bring in outside agencies
• good teachers inspire students
• facilities can limit whats on offer

Question 10

How does the environment affect participation ?

Answer 10

• if you don’t live by snow / mountains ; winter sports are less of an option
• if you have extreme climates its hard to be outside for long periods
• pollution levels force people to stay inside
• living in mountains affects team sports cuz there isn’t room for flat areas

Question 11

What is the PROMOTION strategy ?

Answer 11

• increasing media coverage and campaigns to encourage participation (nationally and locally)

Question 12

What is the PROVISION strategy ?

Answer 12

• providing facilities that offer a wide range of sports e.g. leisure centres
• pe lessons and after school clubs

Question 13

What is the ACCESS strategy ?

Answer 13

• government providing good transport links to facilities for those who live in rural areas or dont have a car
• having access for the disabled
• making sure facilities are reasonably priced to encourage people to use them

Question 14

What does commercialisation (money) come from ?

Answer 14

• sponsorships
• media e.g. TV and radio - the media pay to cover the sport
• broadcasting on TV = globalisation of sport
• social media keeps sponsors in public eye
• selling tickets and merch.

Question 15

Sport, media and commercialisation are all connected. How is sponsorship and sport connected ?

Answer 15

• sponsors make money by sponsoring good teams
• the sponsor deals mean big money for the sport which can be spent on equipment, transport etc
• players and officials get good wages which can go on paying fees

Question 16

How is the media and sport linked ?

Answer 16

• media pays sport for coverage, sport spend money to develop new players
• media coverage = more participation
• media coverage = role models
• media coverage = positive and negative fame
• media hold a lot of power over participation, rules, increased timings can lead to player injury
• watching on TV saves fans money but means a decrease in ticket sales
• media analysis puts officials under pressure
• media analysis educates spectators

Question 17

How is sponsorship and the media linked ?

Answer 17

• more media coverage = more views = more valuable sponsors

- increased likelihood of sponsorship = high money demand

Question 18

What are the negatives of sponsorship ?

Answer 18

• only available to top players
• bad behavior reflects badly on sponsor or player loses sponsorship
• athletes have to fulfill contract e.g. going to events
• athletes get into trouble when seen using another companies kit / equipment
• adverts are boring for spectators

Question 19

What sponsors are inappropriate ?

Answer 19

• cigarette and tobacco promote bad health and are banned in the EU
• alcoholic drinks promotes bad health
• watched by children so could encourage young people to drink / smoke / eat unhealthily

Question 20

How does technology help players performance ?

Answer 20

• better materials for equipment / clothing e.g. swimwear
• improvements to facilities e.g. all weather pitches
• better protective clothing and medical technology
• video footage helps analyse performance
• they are expensive
• worries that sport becomes for about technology and less about skill

Question 21

What are the advantages and disadvantages of technology helping officials ?

Answer 21

Advantages :

• make sport more fair
• help validate decisions = increased respect

Disadvantages :

• they are expensive
• undermine authority of officials
• video play can take a long time

Question 22

What is sportsmanship ?

Answer 22

• being fair and humble

- sticking to the rules

Question 23

What is gamesmanship ?

Answer 23

• gaining advantage by using tactics that seem unfair but arent against the rules
• time wasting, grunting, calling time out

Question 24

What is deviance ?

Answer 24

• breaking the rules
• using peds, ‘professional fouls’ (tripping someone up), being violent
• risk of being banned or fined, removed from the game

Question 25

What affects to spectators have ?

Answer 25

• create an atmosphere (cheering)
• create ‘home-field advantage’
• put pressure on players
• discourage young people if pressure gets too much
• lots of planning is required to make sure they are safe

Question 26

What are the causes of hooliganism ?

Answer 26

• rivalries between fans
• drink / drugs fuel aggression
• frustration with decisions
• display of masculinity
• gang mentality

Question 27

What are the methods of prevention for hooliganism ?

Answer 27

• kick offs made earlier = less time for pups to open
• alcohol restriction within stadium
• all seated stadiums mean fans aren’t packed together
• fans / rivals can be segregated
• increased number of police
• increased CCTV
• banning orders for previous offenders
• campaigns against hooliganism