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AQA GCSE PE > Section 5 - Sport Psychology > Flashcards

Section 5 - Sport Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a skill ?

A

an ability learnt through practice

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2
Q

What is an ability ?

A

a person’s set of characteristics that affect their potential to learn a skill

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages of learning ?

A
  • cognitive stage = just started learning (beginner)
  • associative stage = learnt the techniques and focusing on improving them
  • autonomous stage = experienced at skill and can almost do it automatically
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4
Q

What are the different types of skill e.g. open/closed ?

A
  • open / closed
  • basic / complex
  • low / high organisation
  • self / externally paced
  • gross / fine
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5
Q

What are open / closed skills ?

A

open = changing environment, have to adapt based on external factors

closed = not affected by external factors

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6
Q

What are basic / complex skills ?

A

basic = doesn’t require much concentration (running)

complex = lots of concentration (volley in football)

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7
Q

What are low / high organisation skills ?

A

low = easily broken down into steps (front crawl)

high = can’t be broken down (cartwheel)

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8
Q

What are self / externally paced skills ?

A

self = performer decides when to start

external = starts because of external factors

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9
Q

What are gross / fine skills ?

A

gross = involves power and large muscle groups (long jump)

fine = involves smaller muscle groups and accuracy (darts)

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10
Q

What are the 6 different types of practice ?

A
  • massed
  • distributed
  • fixed
  • variable
  • whole
  • part
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11
Q

What is massed practice ?

A

practicing without a break - works best on beginners

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12
Q

What is distributed practice ?

A

practicing with breaks for rest - works well for complex skills due to the difficulty

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13
Q

What is fixed practice ?

A

repeating the same technique in one situation - useful for closed skills

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14
Q

What is variable practice ?

A

repeating technique in different situations - useful for open skills

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15
Q

What is whole practice ?

A

practicing the whole technique in one go - good for basic skills

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16
Q

What is part practice ?

A

breaking the skill down and practicing each part separately

17
Q

Why do people goal set ?

A
  • gives you something to aim for

- reaching goals give you confidence

18
Q

What are performance goals ?

A

improving your own personal performance

19
Q

What are outcome goals ?

A

performing better than other people e.g. winning

20
Q

What are performance goals usually better ?

A
  • more realistic (for beginners)

- you can control the outcome goal e.g. jump 5cm further

21
Q

What is used to help goal set ?

A

Specific - target and training plan

Measurable - how much progress has been made

Accepted / achievable - agreed with coach

Realistic - you can reach them, physically able, resources, time, facilities

Time-bound - set a deadline for your goal, keeps you motivated

22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of VERBAL guidance ?

A

Advantages

  • combined with other type of guidance
  • helpful for experienced learns (technical lang.)
  • can be given during demonstration

Disadvantages

  • less useful for high organisation and complex skills
  • confusing to beginners
23
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of VISUAL guidance ?

A

Advantages

  • good for beginners (can copy skill)
  • can teach low organisation skills

Disadvantages
- bad for high organisation and complex skills

24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of MANUAL guidance ?

A

Advantages

  • get the ‘feel’
  • works for all skill levels

Disadvantages

  • performers begin to rely on it
  • difficult in big groups
25
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of MECHANICAL guidance ?

A

Advantages

  • useful for beginners because they feel safe when practicing dangerous skills
  • good for high organisation and complex skills

Disadvantages

  • may not be able to perform skills without equipment
  • difficult in larger groups
26
Q

What are the types of feedback ?

A
  • intrinsic
  • extrinsic
  • concurrent
  • terminal
  • positive
  • negative
27
Q

What is intrinsic feedback ?

A

what it ‘feels’ like - best for experienced performers - they can judge whether they’ve done well

28
Q

What is extrinsic feedback ?

A

someone else tells you how you’ve done - suited to beginners

29
Q

What is concurrent feedback ?

A

received during a performance

30
Q

What is terminal feedback ?

A

received after a performance

31
Q

What are the types of knowledge ?

A

knowledge of performance - did you use the correct movements / techniques - can be intrinsic or extrinsic

knowledge of results - what was the outcome - usually extrinsic - can include data

32
Q

What are the stages of the information processing model ?

A

1 ) Input - receive info from the environment

2 ) Decision making - deciding how to respond - combination of long and short term memory

3 ) Output - performing the skill

4 ) Feedback - what you receive after the skill which helps with the next time you do it

33
Q

How do you control arousal levels ?

A
  • deep breathing
  • self talk
  • mental imagery
34
Q

What are the types of motivation ?

A

intrinsic motivation
- motivation from the enjoyment e.g. pride, self-esteem

extrinsic motivation
- motivation through rewards e.g. money, trophies

intrinsic is more effective

35
Q

What are the types of aggression ?

A

direct
- physical contact e.g. rugby scrum

indirect
- gaining advantage through non physical contact e.g. hitting an opponent in a shuttle

36
Q

What are introverts ?

A
  • prefer solo sports
  • fine skills, high concentration, low arousal
  • quiet
  • shy
  • archery, snooker, athletics
37
Q

What are extroverts ?

A
  • get bored when alone
  • prefer team sports
  • fast paced sports
  • gross skills, low concentration
  • hockey, rugby, football

AQA GCSE PE (6 decks)

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