Section 6 - Coordination and Response Flashcards
What is the job of the conjunctiva and what number is it (2)
- Lubricates and protects the surface of the eye
- 1
What is the job of the cornea and what number is it (3)
- Cornea refracts light into the eye
- Cornea is transparent and has no blood vessels to supply it with oxygen, so oxygen diffuses in from the outer surface
- 3
Explain why a cloudly cornea can cause blindness (2)
- Less light into the eye
- Less light hits retina
What is the job of the iris and what number is it (3)
- Controls the diameter of the pupil
- Therefore how much light enters the eye
- 2
What is the job of the lens and what number is it (2)
- Focuses the light onto the retina
- 5
What is the retina and what number is it (2)
- Light sensitive part covered in light receptors called rods and cones
- 10
What is the difference between rods and cones (3)
- Rods are more sensitive in dim light but can’t sense colour
- Cones are sensitive to colours but aren’t so good in dim light
- Cones are found all over the retina, but there are loads of them at the fovea
What is the optic nerve and what number is it (2)
- Carries impulses from the receptors to the brain
- 8
How does the eye change in very bright light and why (4)
- Bright light can damage the retina, so you have a reflex to protect it
- Reflex is triggered, makes pupil smaller
- Allowing less light in
- Receptors, sensory, brain, relay, motor, contract
What is accomodation (1)
- When the eye focuses light by changing the shape of the lens
How does the eye change when it is looking at distant objects (3)
- Ciliary muscles relax
- Allows suspensory ligaments to pull tight
- Makes the lens go thin, less curved
How does the eye change when it is looking at near objects (3)
- Ciliary muscles contract
- Suspensory ligaments slackens
- Makes the lens more curved
How does being long-sighted affect people (4)
- People are unable to focus on near objects
- Occurs when the cornea or lens doesn’t bend the light enough
- Or the eyeball is too short
- Images of near objects are brought into focus behind the retina
How does being short sighted affect people (4)
- People are unable to focus on distant objects
- Occurs when the cornea or lens bends the light too much
- Or the eyeball is too long
- Images of distant objects are brought into focus in front of the retina
Where are images of near/distant objects brought into focus (2)
Near - behind the retina
Distant - in front of the retina
What are hormones (2)
- Hormones control things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment
- They are chemicals released directly into the blood
What are hormones carried in (1)
- Blood plasma
Properties of hormones (3)
- Produced in various glands
- Travel quite slowly
- Tend to have relatively long lasting effects
What are the six most important hormones in the body (6)
- ADH
- Adrenaline
- Insulin
- Testosterone
- Progesterone
- Oestrogen