Section 5: Computer Software Flashcards
What is Application Software and what are the 3 types of Application software typically used?
Software that is used to run applications to be utilized by the users.
1) Productivity Software - Used to complete daily tasks (writing docs, managing personal info)
2) Collaboration Software - Used to collaborate w/ others and helps devices share data
3) Specialized Software - Used to perform specialized tasks (Scientific research applications)
Explain what Systems Software is.
Software that is needed to use the system and allows the user to run application software (O.S.)
What is the purpose of an operating system?
An operating system allows the user to interact with the hardware of the system
Name the 3 basic management tasks completed by an OS.
File Management
Memory Management
Process Management
What other services does an OS provide?
Handle input and output
Control Peripheral devices
Name the 4 categories of an Operating System
1) Network Operating systems
2) Server Operating System
3) Mobile Operating System
4) Desktop Operating System
Name the 3 most common Desktop operating systems, if it is open/closed source, what they are known for?
1) Windows - Closed Source - Easy to use design
2) MacOS - Closed Source - Media editing and graphic rendering capabilities
3) Linux - Open Source - Flexible development
What are some flavors of Linux
1) Fedora
2) Linux Mint
3) Mandrake
Name the 2 most common Mobile operating systems, if it is open/closed source, what they are known for?
Google Android - Open Source - Used on a wide variety of devices
Apple iOS - Closed Source - Developed by Apple for Apple devices ONLY
What is Utility Software and what are examples?
Utility software is used to manage the different functions offered by an Operating System
Examples: software to compress or decompress data, play multimedia presentations, and handle network communications
What is the Kernal?
Internal part of an operating system
Kernals perform basic functions required by the computer installation (File Management system)
Also allows the hardware to connect w/ the OS to control the hardware
In Windows, for the directory path does it use a forward or backward slash, what is the root directory, and what is the home directory?
Backward slash
Root Directory - C
Home Directory - C:\User...
In Linux, for the directory path does it use a forward or backward slash, what is the root directory, and what is the home directory?
Forward Slash
Root Directory: “/”
Home Directory: /home/
What is paging?
Flips between primary and secondary storage to help with processing speed
What is virtual memory?
Memory created in the secondary memory during paging. Gives the illusion of having more memory
What are device drivers?
They are in charge of communication w/ peripheral devices (Bluetooth)
What are the device drivers referred to as?
Middleware
What is the purpose of Bespoke? Who controls the software, what is the cost, and what is the time length?
Specifically designed and developed software for an organization, controlled by the owner.
High cost, longest to develop
What is the purpose of Off-the-Shelf Software? Who controls the software, what is the cost, and what is the time length?
Not customizable, and ready to use as purchased, and controlled by the vendor.
Low cost, and instant use after installation and purchase
What is the purpose of Hybrid? Who controls the software, what is the cost, and what is the time length?
Flexible; new features can be introduced via customization options w/ limited control by the vendor over customization options
Cost is middle of the road with fast implementation when out-of-box features are immediately used and customization is deferred
What are Local Applications
Application software stored on individual computers
What are cloud applications
Delivers services while offloading infrastructure resource requirements to the cloud service provider
What is Shareware? Are they protected by EULA? Are they protected by Copyright? Are they protected by Intellectual Property Protections?
Application that can be installed as a trial limited by time or functionality
Yes
Yes
Yes
What is Freeware? Are they protected by EULA? Are they protected by Copyright? Are they protected by Intellectual Property Protections?
Free Software
Yes
Yes
Yes
What is Public Domain? Are they protected by EULA? Are they protected by Copyright? Are they protected by Intellectual Property Protections?
Download and use at their own discretion
No
No
No
What is a copyright?
Foster the creation and dissemination of works for the benefit of the public
Grants authors the exclusive right to authorize certain uses of their work
What are patents?
Protect unique methods, algorithms, or processes embedded within software applications
What is a utility Patent
Protects the way an article looks
What is a design Patent?
Specific aesthetics (how something looks)
What is word programming
Writing programs, which are step-by-step instructions for a computer to complete an action
How does a compiler work?
When does it check the code for errors?
When does the error have to be resolved?
Examples?
Will translate to execute on a later date
Detected and need to be corrected before compiling
Before the compiler can successfully recompile the source code
Java | C++ | C# | C | Go/GoLang | Visual Basic.Net
How does a Interpreter work?
When does it check the code for errors?
When does the error have to be resolved?
Examples?
Interpret code into machine language
Every individual line
When it finds one
Python | Perl | Javascript | TCL | PHP
What is an algorithm and what is it used for?
Step-by-step formula to execute a task
Take info, crunch it together, then do something with it.
It can be used to sort, calculate, etc. to perform tasks using said data
