Section 5 - Computer organisation and architecture Flashcards
Each processor has its own instruction set, list all the instructions that are typically supported by its hardware.
- Data Transfer
- Arithmetic operations
- Comparison operations
- Logical operations
- Branching (conditional and unconditional)
- Logical processing (shifting bits)
- Halt
2 types of basic data transfer instructions?
Load & Store
Examples of arithmetic operational instructions?
Add & Subtract
Examples of comparison operations typically supported by the processors hardware?
< (Less than) & >(Greater than)
Examples of logical operations the processors instruction set can support?
And, Not, etc…
What is the typical format of machine code operation?
Operation code(opcode) , which includes the machine instruction followed by the address mode. Operand
The size of the OPCODE and OPERAND can vary, explain why?
architecture –
word size –
processor type –
Where are all operations assumed to take place?
a special register called the accumulator
What can complex architectures allow for?
bigger OPCODE and sometimes 2 OPERAND’s
How many digits is the code that represents the address mode in machine code?
2
There are 3 types of address mode, explain.
Immediate, actual value operated on.
Direct, OPERAND holds the address of value to be operated on.
Indirect, holds the address of the memory that holds the address of the value to be operated on.
What effects the performance of the processor?
CPU registers, CACHE, Main memory RAM, Secondary storage device type, Input sources
What is the definition of a CPU’s word length?
the number of bits that the CPU can process simultaneously
How is word length grouped in the CPU?
ie 8,16,32,64 or 128 bit ‘words’
How is each ‘word’ processed in the CPU?
as a unit
What effect does increasing word length have on the speed of processing?
A major impact.
16 bit processes twice the amount compared to 8
What is the typical word length of a CPU and processing?
32 or 64 bits
Explain why the width of the data and address buses has an effect on the processor?
An important factor
ie if bus width is 16 bits and address is longer than 16 bits, address is sent in two groups of 16 bits. This in turn has a detrimental effect on processing.
The wider the bus the more data that can be transferred simultaneously, this gives an increase in performance.
explain how a laser printer works
print drum coated in a negative static
printer generates bit map of page
laser beams shine and ‘draw’ on print drum via rotating octagonal mirror
laser is modulated (turned on and off)
laser removes/reverses electric charge on drum, where image should be
toner is given negative charge
charged drum picks up toner
toner transferred from drum to paper
toner is fused/bonded/melted/stuck to paper by heated rollers through pressure
Explain how a laser printer works.
Print drum coated in negative static charge
printer generates bitmap of page
laser beams shone/’draws’ on print drum via rotating (octagonal) mirror
laser is modulated (turned on and off)
laser removes/reverses electric charge on drum, where image should be dark/black
toner is given negative charge
charged drum picks up toner
toner transferred from drum to paper
toner is fused/bonded/melted/stuck to paper by heated rollers/pressure
