18. Populations and evolution

Question 1

What mathematical equation does the Hardy-Weinberg principle provides?

Answer 1

a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the frequencies of the alleles of a particular gene in a population

Question 2

what assumption does the Hardy-Weinberg principle make?

Answer 2

The proportion of dominant and recessive alleles of any gene in a population remains the same from one generation to the next.

Question 3

What five conditions must be met for the allele frequency in a population to remain constant over time?

Answer 3

There are no mutations
There is no immigration or emigration
There is no selection
Mating within the population is random
The population is large

Question 4

Hardy-Weinberg principle:

If the gene pool is stable what equation can be used to calculate the allele frequencies in a population

Answer 4

AA + Aa + aA + aa = 1.0
A^2 + 2Aa + a^2 = 1.0 or p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1.0
Genotype frequencies can be calculated using this equation

Question 5

define gene pool.

Answer 5

The complete range of alleles for all genes in the organisms in a population

Question 6

define allele frequency.

Answer 6

the proportion of a particular type of allele in a population (e.g A or a)

Question 7

define evolution.

Answer 7

a change in the allele frequencies in a population

Question 8

define genotype frequency.

Answer 8

the proportion of a particular allele combination in a population (e.g AA Aa aa)

Question 9

define phenotype frequency.

Answer 9

the proportion of a particular characteristic in a population (e.g smooth or wrinkled)